Foot support systems including fluid movement controllers and adjustable foot support pressure

ABSTRACT

Foot support systems include a fluid flow control system that facilitates movement of fluid into, out of, and/or within a sole structure and/or article of footwear, e.g., to change and/or control pressure in fluid filled bladder(s). Aspects of this technology may relate to one or more of: (a) footwear structures in which such systems are incorporated; (b) valve stem based fluid flow transfer systems; (c) solenoid based fluid flow transfer systems; (d) user input button features; (e) air filter features; (f) fluid tube to fluid distributor connection features; (g) fluid distributor to footwear connection features; (h) valve position sensor features; (i) valve transmission features; (j) pressure control algorithm features; (k) electronic communication features; (l) system sealing features; and/or (m) pressure sensor mounting features.

RELATED APPLICATION DATA

This application is a U.S. Non-Provisional Application and claimspriority benefits based on:

-   -   (a) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,395 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure;    -   (b) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,413 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure;    -   (c) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,433 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure;    -   (d) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,444 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure;    -   (e) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,455 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure;    -   (f) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,468 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure;    -   (g) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,482 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure;    -   (h) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,423 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure;    -   (i) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,429 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure;    -   (j) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,441 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure;    -   (k) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,451 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure;    -   (l) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,460 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure; and    -   (m) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 63/031,471 filed May 28,        2020 and entitled “Foot Support Systems Including Fluid Movement        Controllers and Adjustable Foot Support Pressure.

Each of U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. Nos. 63/031,395, 63/031,413,63/031,433, 63/031,444, 63/031,455, 63/031,468, 63/031,482, 63/031,423,63/031,429, 63/031,441, 63/031,451, 63/031,460, and 63/031,471 isentirely incorporated herein by reference.

Aspects and features of this technology may be used in conjunction withthe systems and methods described in any one or more of:

-   -   (a) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 62/463,859 filed Feb. 27,        2017;    -   (b) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 62/463,892 filed Feb. 27,        2017;    -   (c) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 62/547,941 filed Aug. 21,        2017;    -   (d) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 62/678,635 filed May 31,        2018;    -   (e) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 62/678,662 filed May 31,        2018;    -   (f) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 62/772,786 filed Nov. 29,        2018;    -   (g) U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 62/850,140 filed May 20,        2019;    -   (h) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/488,623 filed Aug. 26,        2019;    -   (i) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/488,626 filed Aug. 26,        2019;    -   (j) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,170 filed Aug. 20,        2018;    -   (k) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/425,331 filed May 29,        2019;    -   (l) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/425,356 filed May 29,        2018;    -   (m) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/698,138 filed Nov. 27,        2019; and    -   (n) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/878,342 filed May 19,        2020.

Each of U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 62/463,859, U.S. ProvisionalPatent Appln. No. 62/463,892, U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No.62/547,941, U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 62/678,635, U.S.Provisional Patent Appln. No. 62/678,662, U.S. Provisional Patent Appln.No. 62/772,786, U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. No. 62/850,140, U.S.patent application Ser. No. 16/488,623, U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/488,626, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/105,170, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/425,331, U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/425,356, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/698,138, and U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/878,342 is entirely incorporated herein byreference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to fluid flow control systems and/or footsupport systems in the field of footwear or other foot-receivingdevices. At least some aspects of the present invention pertain to fluiddistributors, fluid transfer systems, sole structures, fluid flowcontrol systems, foot support systems, articles of footwear, and/orother foot-receiving devices that include components (e.g., a manifold,a fluid transfer system, an electronic controller, etc.) for selectivelymoving fluid within, into, and/or out of the sole structure (or otherfoot-supporting member) and/or article of footwear (or otherfoot-receiving device). Using such systems, fluid pressure (e.g., footsupport pressure, fluid container pressure) in one or more fluid filledbladders (e.g., foot support bladder(s)) and/or one or more fluidreservoirs and/or containers included in the overall system may bechanged and controlled.

BACKGROUND

Conventional articles of athletic footwear include two primary elements,an upper and a sole structure. The upper may provide a covering for thefoot that securely receives and positions the foot with respect to thesole structure. In addition, the upper may have a configuration thatprotects the foot and provides ventilation, thereby cooling the foot andremoving perspiration. The sole structure may be secured to a lowersurface of the upper and generally is positioned between the foot andany contact surface. In addition to attenuating ground reaction forcesand absorbing energy, the sole structure may provide traction andcontrol potentially harmful foot motion, such as over pronation.

The upper forms a void on the interior of the footwear for receiving thefoot. The void has the general shape of the foot, and access to the voidis provided at an ankle opening. Accordingly, the upper extends over theinstep and toe areas of the foot, along the medial and lateral sides ofthe foot, and around the heel area of the foot. A lacing system often isincorporated into the upper to allow users to selectively change thesize of the ankle opening and to permit the user to modify certaindimensions of the upper, particularly girth, to accommodate feet withvarying proportions. In addition, the upper may include a tongue thatextends under the lacing system to enhance the comfort of the footwear(e.g., to modulate pressure applied to the foot by the laces). The upperalso may include a heel counter to limit or control movement of theheel.

“Footwear,” as that term is used herein, means any type of wearingapparel for the feet, and this term includes, but is not limited to: alltypes of shoes, boots, sneakers, sandals, thongs, flip-flops, mules,scuffs, slippers, sport-specific shoes (such as golf shoes, tennisshoes, baseball cleats, soccer or football cleats, ski boots, basketballshoes, cross training shoes, etc.), and the like. “Foot-receivingdevice,” as that term is used herein, means any device into which a userplaces at least some portion of his or her foot. In addition to alltypes of “footwear,” foot-receiving devices include, but are not limitedto: bindings and other devices for securing feet in snow skis, crosscountry skis, water skis, snowboards, and the like; bindings, clips, orother devices for securing feet in pedals for use with bicycles,exercise equipment, and the like; bindings, clips, or other devices forreceiving feet during play of video games or other games; and the like.“Foot-receiving devices” may include: (a) one or more “foot-coveringmembers” (e.g., akin to footwear upper components) that help positionthe foot with respect to other components or structures, and (b) one ormore “foot-supporting members” (e.g., akin to footwear sole structurecomponents) that support at least some portion(s) of a plantar surfaceof a user's foot. “Foot-supporting members” may include components forand/or functioning as midsoles and/or outsoles for articles of footwear(or components providing corresponding functions in non-footwear typefoot-receiving devices).

A “manifold” as used herein means a component having a surface orhousing that defines or supports one or more ports that allow a fluid(e.g., gas or liquid) to enter and/or exit the component. A “port” asused herein means an opening through a wall of a component that allowsfluid (e.g., gas or liquid) to pass through from one side of the openingto the other. Optionally, a “port” may include a connector structure,e.g., for engaging another object, such as a fluid line, anotherconnector, or the like. When including a connector structure, a “port”may form, for example, a male connector structure, a female connectorstructure, or an abutting surface connecting structure. Object(s)connected to a “port” may be fixedly connected or releasably connected.Additionally or alternatively, object(s) connected to a port may befixed to or releasably connected to interior surfaces of the openingthrough the wall of the component through which the opening is defined.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following Detailed Description will be better understood whenconsidered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which likereference numerals refer to the same or similar elements in all of thevarious views in which that reference number appears.

FIGS. 1-2B provide views of articles of footwear and components thereofin accordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 3A-3D provide views of pumping systems that may be used inaccordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 4A and 4B provide views of foot support systems and componentsthereof in accordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 5A-5F provide views explaining several example operational statesin accordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 6-9 provide views of incorporation of fluid distributors intoarticles of footwear in accordance with some examples of thistechnology;

FIG. 10 schematically illustrates features of the layout and engagementof component parts in accordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 11A-15G illustrate features of engaging fluid distributors witharticles of footwear in accordance with some examples of thistechnology;

FIGS. 16A-21D illustrate features of battery charging systems that maybe used in accordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 22A-22E illustrate features of example user input systems inaccordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 23 and 24 illustrate schematic diagrams and component positioningfeatures in accordance with some examples of this technology;

FIG. 25 illustrates examples of communications in systems and methods inaccordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 26A-29 illustrate components of a valve stem based fluid transfersystem in accordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 30A-30G provide views of different operational states for valvestem based fluid transfer systems in accordance with some examples ofthis technology;

FIGS. 31A-31D provide views illustrating control of fluid flow rates inaccordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 32A-32C provide views of sealing block and manifold connections inaccordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 33A-33F provide views of combined valve housing, sealingconnector, manifold, and pressure sensors in accordance with someexamples of this technology;

FIGS. 34A-37B provide views of engagement of pressure sensors inaccordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 38A and 38B various views of a valve housing to manifoldconnection in accordance with some examples of this technology;

FIG. 39 illustrates a positional sensor in valve stem based fluidtransfer systems in accordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 40A-40C provide views of an example geartrain transmission used inaccordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 41A and 41B provide views of an example planetary geartransmission used in accordance with some examples of this technology;

FIG. 42 illustrates an example solenoid used in solenoid based fluidtransfer systems in accordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 43-47B provide views of solenoid based fluid transfer systems inaccordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 48A-48F provide views explaining example operational states inaccordance with some examples of this technology;

FIGS. 49A-49D provide views explaining additional solenoid based fluidtransfer systems and available operational states in accordance withsome examples of this technology; and

FIGS. 50A and 50B include information relating to pressure sensingadjustment in accordance with some examples of this technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description of various examples of fluid flow controlsystems, footwear structures, and components according to the presenttechnology, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form apart hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration variousexample structures and environments in which aspects of the technologymay be practiced. It is to be understood that other structures andenvironments may be utilized and that structural and functionalmodifications may be made to the specifically described structures,functions, and methods without departing from the scope of the presenttechnology.

I. General Description of Aspects of this Technology and this Invention

Aspects of this technology relate to fluid distributors, fluid flowcontrol systems, foot support systems, sole structures, articles offootwear, and/or other foot-receiving devices, e.g., of the typesdescribed and/or claimed below and/or of the types illustrated in theappended drawings. Such fluid distributors, fluid flow control systems,foot support systems, sole structures, articles of footwear, and/orother foot-receiving devices may include any one or more structures,parts, features, properties, and/or combination(s) of structures, parts,features, and/or properties of the examples described and/or claimedbelow and/or of the examples illustrated in the appended drawings.

The following description is broken into three main parts. A first partdescribes aspects and features of footwear and/or foot-receiving devicecomponents, foot-receiving devices, and/or articles of footwear thatinclude components to selectively move fluid within and/or through afluid distributor to control and change foot support pressure of a footsupport system that includes at least one fluid filled bladder. Thefluid distributor is capable of placing the fluid flow control system,the foot support system, and/or the article of footwear in a pluralityof different operational states. Another main part of this descriptionrelates to fluid transfer systems within the fluid distributor thatinclude a movable valve stem to place the fluid flow control system, thefoot support system, and/or the article of footwear in differentoperational states. Another main part of this description relates tofluid transfer systems within the fluid distributor that include one ormore solenoid valves to place the fluid flow control system, the footsupport system, and/or the article of footwear in different operationalstates. Various other aspects and features of this technology aredescribed within those main parts.

A. Footwear Component and Articles of Footwear Features

Some aspects of this technology and this invention relate to footsupport systems as well as to sole structures and/or articles offootwear (and/or other foot-receiving devices) that include such footsupport systems. Foot support systems in accordance with at least someexamples of this technology include: (a) at least one foot supportbladder; (b) a first sole member (e.g., a midsole component, a polymericfoam component, an outsole component, etc.) engaged with the footsupport bladder, wherein the first sole member includes a plantarsupport surface at least at a heel support area of the foot supportsystem and a sidewall forming an exterior surface of the first solemember; (c) at least one fluid container (e.g., a fluid-filled bladder,a tank, a reservoir, etc.), optionally engaged with a portion of afootwear upper and/or with a footwear sole structure; and (d) a fluiddistributor engaged with the exterior surface of the upper and/or thefirst sole member. This fluid distributor includes one or more of: (i)an inlet for receiving fluid from a fluid supply, (ii) a first fluidpathway for transferring fluid from the fluid distributor interior tothe external environment, (iii) a second fluid pathway in fluidcommunication with the foot support bladder, and (iv) a third fluidpathway in fluid communication with the fluid container. The fluiddistributor may take on the form of or include a manifold, a valvehousing, a connector, and/or combinations of two or more of thesecomponents. The fluid supply may be one or more of: a pump (e.g., one ormore foot activated pumps, one or more battery powered pumps, etc.), acompressor, and/or a fluid supply line in fluid communication with theexternal environment.

Additional aspects and features of foot support systems, sole structurescontaining them, and/or articles of footwear (or other foot-receivingdevices) containing them are described in more detail below.

B. Valve Stem Features

Some aspects of this technology and this invention relate to fluidtransfer systems and/or fluid flow control systems for foot supportsystems and/or articles of footwear (and/or other foot-receivingdevices) that include a movable valve stem for selectively opening andclosing fluid pathways and distributing fluid. Such fluid transfersystems and/or fluid flow control systems, as well as foot supportsystems and/or articles of footwear (and/or other foot-receivingdevices) in accordance with at least some examples of this technologyinclude: (a) a valve housing; (b) a valve stem movably mounted in thevalve housing, wherein the valve stem includes a first end, a secondend, and a perimeter wall extending between the first end and the secondend, wherein the first end, the second end, and the perimeter walldefine an internal chamber of the valve stem, and wherein the perimeterwall of the valve stem includes a plurality of through holes extendingfrom the internal chamber to an exterior surface of the perimeter wall;(c) a fluid inlet port in fluid communication with the internal chamber;and (d) a manifold in fluid communication with the valve housing. Themanifold may include a first fluid flow path that extends through themanifold to a first manifold port, a second fluid flow path that extendsthrough the manifold to a second manifold port, and a third fluid flowpath that extends through the manifold to a third manifold port.Movement of the valve stem (e.g., by rotation, sliding, etc.) to aplurality of positions selectively places the fluid transfer systemand/or fluid flow control system in a plurality of operational states byplacing one or more of the plurality of through holes (formed in theperimeter wall) in fluid communication with the first fluid flow path,the second fluid flow path, or the third fluid flow path. Additionalvalve stem openings, manifold ports, fluid lines, and/or operationalstates may be provided, if desired, to accommodate additional footsupport bladders and/or fluid containers.

Additional aspects and features of valve stem based fluid transfersystems, fluid flow control systems, foot support systems, solestructures containing them, and/or articles of footwear (or otherfoot-receiving devices) containing them are described in more detailbelow.

C. Solenoid Features

Some aspects of this technology and this invention relate to fluidtransfer systems and/or fluid flow control systems for foot supportsystems and/or articles of footwear (and/or other foot-receivingdevices) that include one or more solenoids for selectively opening andclosing fluid pathways and distributing fluid. Such fluid transfersystems and/or fluid flow control systems, as well as foot supportsystems and/or articles of footwear (and/or other foot-receivingdevices) in accordance with at least some examples of this technologyinclude: (a) a first solenoid including a first port and a second portand switchable between an open configuration and a closed configuration;(b) a second solenoid including a first port and a second port andswitchable between an open configuration and a closed configuration; (c)a third solenoid including a first port and a second port and switchablebetween an open configuration and a closed configuration; (d) a fluidline in fluid communication with the first port of each of the firstsolenoid, the second solenoid, and the third solenoid; and (e) amanifold having: (i) a first manifold port in fluid communication withthe second port of the first solenoid, (ii) a second manifold port influid communication with the second port of the second solenoid, and(iii) a third manifold port in fluid communication with the second portof the third solenoid. The first solenoid, the second solenoid, and thethird solenoid are independently switchable between their openconfiguration and their closed configuration to selectively place thefluid transfer system or fluid flow control system in a plurality ofoperational states. Additional solenoids, manifold ports, fluid lines,and/or operational states may be provided, if desired, to accommodateadditional foot support bladders and/or fluid containers.

Other example fluid transfer systems and/or fluid flow control systems,as well as foot support systems and/or articles of footwear (and/orother foot-receiving devices) in accordance with at least some examplesof this technology and this invention include: (a) a first solenoidincluding a first port, a second port, and a third port; (b) a secondsolenoid including a first port and a second port; and (c) a fluid linein fluid communication with the first port of each of the first solenoidand the second solenoid. A manifold may be included in fluidcommunication with the solenoids. This manifold may include: (a) a firstmanifold port in fluid communication with the second port of the firstsolenoid, (b) a second manifold port in fluid communication with thethird port of the first solenoid, and (c) a third manifold port in fluidcommunication with the second port of the second solenoid. The firstsolenoid may be independently switchable to: (a) a first configurationin which fluid flows through the first solenoid between the first portand the second port and (b) a second configuration in which fluid flowsthrough the first solenoid between the first port and the third port.The second solenoid may be independently switchable between an openconfiguration and a closed configuration. Simultaneous selectiveplacement of: (a) the first solenoid in one of the first configurationor the second configuration and (b) the second solenoid in one of theopen configuration or the closed configuration selectively places thefluid flow control system in a plurality of operational states.Additional solenoids, manifold ports, fluid lines, and/or operationalstates may be provided, if desired, to accommodate additional footsupport bladders and/or fluid containers.

Additional aspects and features of solenoid based fluid transfersystems, fluid flow control systems, foot support systems, solestructures containing them, and/or articles of footwear (or otherfoot-receiving devices) containing them are described in more detailbelow.

D. Operational State Features

Some aspects of this technology and this invention relate to fluidtransfer systems, fluid flow control systems, foot support systems,and/or articles of footwear (or other foot-receiving devices) that maybe selectively placed in a plurality of operational states in whichmovement and distribution of fluid is controlled. In at least someexamples of this technology, the plurality of operational states mayinclude two or more of (in any combination): (a) a first operationalstate in which fluid moves from a fluid source (e.g., a pump, acompressor, etc.) to the ambient or external environment (e.g., this maybe a “steady state” or “standby” configuration in which no foot supportpressure changes occur), (b) a second operational state in which fluidmoves from a fluid source to a foot support bladder (to increasepressure in the foot support bladder), (c) a third operational state inwhich fluid moves from a foot support bladder to the ambient or externalenvironment (to decrease pressure in the foot support bladder), (d) afourth operational state in which fluid moves from a fluid container tothe ambient or external environment (to decrease pressure in the fluidcontainer), (e) a fifth operational state in which fluid moves from thefluid container to the foot support bladder (to increase pressure in thefoot support bladder), and/or (f) a sixth operational state in whichfluid moves from the fluid source to the fluid container (to increasepressure in the fluid container). Some examples of this technology mayinclude all six of these operational states identified above. Otherexamples of this technology may include less than all six of theseoperational states, e.g., the first, third, fourth, and six operationalstates. For valve stem examples of this technology, fluid may bedistributed into two or more of these different operational states byselectively moving (e.g., rotating, sliding, etc.) the valve stem tovarious positions (e.g., rotational positions, longitudinal positions,etc.) so that through holes in the valve stem selectively align withfluid paths and ports to move the fluid in the desired manners describedabove. For solenoid examples of this technology, fluid may bedistributed into these two or more different operational states byselectively placing the various solenoids in their availableconfigurations so that the fluid moves to fluid paths and ports in thedesired manners described above.

Additional aspects and features of placing fluid transfer systems, fluidflow control systems, foot support systems, sole structures containingthem, and/or articles of footwear (or other foot-receiving devices)containing them into various operational states are described in moredetail below.

E. Additional or Alternative Features

Additional or alternative features and aspects of this technology andthis invention relate to additional structures, components, andoperation of the fluid transfer systems, fluid flow control systems,foot support systems, sole structures, and/or articles of footweardescribed herein and illustrated in the appended figures. Suchadditional or alternative features and aspects of this technology andthis invention relate to one or more of: (a) user input buttons includedwith the shoe, e.g., to enter pressure change information and/or providestatus information relating to the system(s); (b) external air inletand/or filtering features for accepting air into the system(s); (c)connections between the ports of various components, such as connectorto manifold connections, fluid line to connector and/or manifoldconnections, etc.; (d) fluid distributor to footwear connectionfeatures; (e) valve stem position sensor features; (f) transmissionfeatures for transmitting power from a motor to the valve stem; (g)pressure control algorithm features; (h) shoe-to-shoe and/or othersystem electronic communication features; (i) system sealing features,such as one or more of manifold-to-valve housing, manifold-to-solenoid,and/or manifold-to-connector sealing features; and/or (j) featuresrelating to pressure sensor mounting and engagement with the manifoldand/or sealing connector.

Some additional or alternative aspects of this technology relate tobutton assemblies, such as buttons for receiving user input, e.g.,changing pressure settings in one or more fluid containing components inthe system. One such aspect relates to button assemblies that include:(a) a first button actuator; and (b) an elastomer overmold materialcovering an actuator surface of the first button actuator. Thiselastomer overmold material may include: (a) a first base portion havinga first thickness and (b) a first groove portion (e.g., U-shaped)adjacent the first button actuator, wherein the first groove portion hasa second thickness, wherein the second thickness is less than the firstthickness, and wherein the first base portion and the first grooveportion are formed as a continuous layer of the elastomer overmoldmaterial. The same elastomer overmold material may cover an actuatorsurface of a second button actuator, wherein the elastomer overmoldmaterial further includes: (a) a second base portion (e.g., U-shaped)having a third thickness and (b) a second groove portion adjacent thesecond button actuator, wherein the second groove portion has a fourththickness, wherein the fourth thickness is less than the thirdthickness, and wherein the second base portion and the second grooveportion are formed as part of the continuous layer of the elastomerovermold material. In such examples of this technology, the firstthickness may be the same as or different from the third thicknessand/or the second thickness may be the same or different from the fourththickness. Still some additional or alternative button assembliesaccording to aspects of this technology may include: (a) a capacitivetouch activator for unlocking the button assembly; (b) a first physicalswitch button activator for receiving user input; and, if desired, asecond (or more) physical switch button activators for receiving userinput.

One more specific additional or alternative aspect of this technologyrelates to filtered fluid flow connectors for articles of footwear thatinclude: (a) a housing; (b) an incoming fluid inlet extending throughthe housing; (c) an incoming fluid outlet extending through the housing;(d) a filter for filtering incoming fluid before the incoming fluidreaches the incoming fluid outlet; (e) a pumped fluid inlet extendingthrough the housing, a pumped fluid outlet extending through thehousing, and a pumped fluid line within the housing and connecting thepumped fluid inlet and the pumped fluid outlet; and (f) a first footsupport bladder port extending through the housing, a second footsupport bladder port extending through the housing, and a foot supportfluid line within the housing and connecting the first foot supportbladder port and the second foot support bladder port. Such filteredfluid flow connectors further may include: (a) a first fluid containerport extending through the housing, a second fluid container portextending through the housing, and a fluid container fluid line withinthe housing and connecting the first fluid container port and the secondfluid container port, and/or (b) a fluid release port extending throughthe housing. In some examples, the filter may have a surface with anarea of at least 50 mm² positioned to form or cover at least a portionof an exterior surface of the housing and to cover the incoming fluidinlet.

Still additional or alternative aspects of this technology relate tofluid flow connector systems for articles of footwear that include: (a)a manifold having a first port; (b) a connector having: (i) a first portin fluid communication with the first port of the manifold, (ii) asecond port, and (iii) a first internal connector fluid line connectingthe first port of the connector and the second port of the connector;and (c) a first fluid line in fluid communication with the second portof the connector and in fluid communication with the first port of themanifold through the first internal connector fluid line. Additionalmanifold ports may be connected to additional fluid lines throughadditional ports and fluid paths defined in the connector, if desired.As alternatives, some aspects of this technology may include fluid flowconnector systems for articles of footwear that include: (a) a manifoldhaving a first port, a second port, and a first internal manifold fluidline connecting the first port and the second port; (b) a fluid transfersystem in fluid communication with the first port of the manifold; and(c) a first external fluid line in fluid communication with the secondport of the manifold, e.g., without an intermediate connector betweenthe manifold and fluid paths. At least some of the internal fluid pathsextending through the connector (when the connector is present) orthrough the manifold (e.g., when no separate connector is present) maydefine: (a) a first axial direction, (b) a second axial direction, and(c) a connecting portion joining the first axial direction and thesecond axial direction. In such structures, the first axial directionand the second axial direction may extend away from one another from theconnecting portion of the internal fluid path(s) at an angle of 70degrees or less (and in some examples, at an angle of 60 degrees orless, 50 degrees or less, 40 degrees or less, 30 degrees or less, 20degrees or less, or even parallel). In this manner, fluid entering andleaving the connector (when present) or the manifold (if no separateconnector is present) may do so within angles of 70 degrees or less fromone another.

Additional or alternative aspects of this technology relate to methodsof making sole structures for articles of footwear that include fluidflow control systems of the types described herein engaged with them.Some such methods may include: (a) engaging a first fluid line thatextends from a first sole component with a first port of a connector,wherein the first port of the connector is in fluid communication with asecond port of the connector by a first internal connector fluid linethat extends through the connector; (b) engaging the second port of theconnector with a first manifold port of a fluid distributor; and (c)engaging the fluid distributor and the connector as a single connectedcomponent with at least one of the first sole component or a differentsole component. Such methods may include engaging additional fluid linesfrom sole components with the connector as part of the single connectedcomponent prior to engaging the single connected component with thefirst sole component or a different sole component. Still additional oralternative aspects of this technology include methods comprising: (a)engaging a first fluid line that extends from a first sole componentwith a first port of a manifold of a fluid distributor, wherein thefirst port of the manifold is in fluid communication with a second portof the manifold by a first internal manifold fluid line that extendsthrough the manifold; and (b) engaging at least one of the first solecomponent or a different sole component with the fluid distributorhaving the first fluid line engaged with the first port of the manifold.Such methods may include engaging additional fluid lines from the sameor other sole components with corresponding manifold ports prior toengaging the fluid distributor with the first sole component or thedifferent sole component. Still additional aspects of this technologyrelate to the sole structures resulting from the methods describedabove, irrespective of any specific method used to the make the solestructures (e.g., sole structures having connections as described aboveirrespective of the method steps and/or order of method steps used tomake the sole structures).

Still additional or alternative aspects of this technology relate tofluid transfer systems for articles of footwear that include: (a) avalve housing defining an interior chamber; (b) a valve stem extendingat least partially through the interior chamber, the valve stem having:(i) a first end operatively coupled with a motor to move the valve stemwith respect to the valve housing, (ii) a second end opposite the firstend, and (iii) a perimeter wall extending from the first end to thesecond end; and (c) a position sensor for determining a position of thevalve stem with respect to the valve housing or other component of thefluid transfer system, the position sensor including: (i) an encodermagnet movable with (e.g., engaged with) the valve stem (e.g., at thefirst end, second end, or between), and (ii) an encoder sensor (e.g.,engaged with the valve housing) sensing changes in a magnetic fieldgenerated by the encoder magnet due to the position of the valve stem.In some examples, the encoder sensor may be located closer to the secondend than to the first end of the valve stem.

Other additional or alternative aspects of this technology relate totransmissions for fluid transfer systems incorporated into articles offootwear. Such transmissions may include: (a) a motor pinion; (b) afirst intermediate gear cluster including: (i) a first axial pin, (ii) afirst gear having a first central axis coaxial with the first axial pinand engaging the motor pinion, the first gear having a first diameter,and (iii) a second gear having a second central axis coaxial with thefirst axial pin, the second gear having a second diameter different fromthe first diameter; (c) a second intermediate gear cluster including:(i) a second axial pin, (ii) a third gear having a third central axiscoaxial with the second axial pin and engaging the second gear, thethird gear having a third diameter, and (iii) a fourth gear having afourth central axis coaxial with the second axial pin, the fourth gearhaving a fourth diameter different from the third diameter; (d) a thirdaxial pin; and (e) a fifth gear having a third central axis coaxial withthe third axial pin and engaging the fourth gear, wherein the thirdcentral axis of the fifth gear is coaxial with a rotational axis of anoutput of the transmission. Additional gears may be included, ifnecessary or desired, for a particular function or operation.Additionally or alternatively, aspects of this technology may relate todrive systems for fluid transfer systems in articles of footwear thatinclude: (a) a motor including a drive shaft; (b) a valve stem; and (c)a three (or more) stage transmission operative coupled between the driveshaft and valve stem to rotate the valve stem in response to rotation ofthe drive shaft. If desired, the three stage transmission may comprise atransmission of the type described above.

Additional or alternative aspects of this technology relate toelectronic communications between components of different shoes.Footwear systems in accordance with at least some of these aspects mayinclude: (a) a first shoe having a first footwear component withpressure adjustment capability, a first microprocessor, and a firstantenna in electronic communication with the first microprocessor; (b) asecond shoe having a second footwear component with pressure adjustmentcapability, a second microprocessor, and a second antenna in electroniccommunication with the second microprocessor; and (c) a centralcommunication source for transmitting data to at least one of the firstantenna or the second antenna in response to input data directing apressure change in at least one of the first footwear component or thesecond footwear component. In some examples, the central communicationsource is located in the first shoe, and the first shoe transmits datafrom the first antenna to the second antenna when the input data directsa pressure change in the second footwear component. In other examples:(a) during a first time period, the central communication source islocated in the first shoe and the first shoe transmits data from thefirst antenna to the second antenna when the input data directs apressure change in the second footwear component, and (b) during asecond time period, the central communication source is located in thesecond shoe and the second shoe transmits data from the second antennato the first antenna when the input data directs a pressure change inthe first footwear component.

In other examples, the central communication source may constitute anexternal computing device not physically incorporated in either of thefirst shoe or the second shoe (e.g., a smartphone, a personal computer,etc.). In such examples, the external computing device may: (a) transmitdata to the first antenna when the input data directs a pressure changein the first footwear component, and/or (b) transmit data to the secondantenna when the input data directs a pressure change in the secondfootwear component, and/or (c) transmit data to the first antenna whenthe input data directs a pressure change in the first footwear componentor the second footwear component, and then the first antenna transmitsdata to the second antenna when the input data directs a pressure changein the second footwear component. In still other examples of this aspectof the technology, communication of the input data directing thepressure change may be switchable between at least three communicationconfigurations as follows: (a) a first communication configuration whenan external computing device is in electronic communication with atleast one of the first shoe or the second shoe, wherein the externalcomputing device acts as the central communication source and each ofthe first shoe and the second shoe act as peripheral communicationdevices receiving pressure change input from the external computingdevice, (b) a second communication configuration when no externalcomputing device is in electronic communication with the first shoe orthe second shoe, wherein the first shoe acts as the centralcommunication source and the second shoe acts as a peripheralcommunication device receiving pressure change input from the firstshoe, and (c) a third communication configuration when no externalcomputing device is in electronic communication with the first shoe orthe second shoe, wherein the second shoe acts as the centralcommunication source and the first shoe acts as a peripheralcommunication device receiving pressure change input from the secondshoe.

Such footwear communication systems further may be in electroniccommunication with at least one additional electronically adjustablecomponent. Such additional electronically adjustable component(s) mayinclude one or more of: an apparel based adjustable component on anarticle of apparel separate from the first shoe and the second shoe, amotorized apparel component, a motorized lacing system for tightening orloosening lacing systems on at least one of the first shoe or the secondshoe, a motorized shoe securing system for at least one of the firstshoe or the second shoe, a motorized fluid containing sports bra, and amotorized fluid containing compression sleeve.

Still additional or alternative aspects of this technology relate tosealed connections between various parts. One example sealed connectionextends between a rotatable valve stem having a peripheral wallincluding at least a first fluid port extending through it and amanifold including at least a first manifold port. A sealing connector(e.g., made of rubber or elastomer) may join these parts. The sealingconnector may include: (a) a first connector port in direct contact withthe peripheral wall (to seal against the peripheral wall), (b) a secondconnector port connected to the first manifold port, and (c) a firstconnector fluid path extending between the first connector port and thesecond connector port. Rotation of the rotatable valve stem to a firstposition at least partially aligns the first fluid port of the rotatablevalve stem with the first connector port to place the first fluid portof the rotatable valve stem in fluid communication with the firstmanifold port through the first connector fluid path in a sealedcondition. Such sealed connections and sealing connectors may includeone or more additional ports in the valve stem, a corresponding one ormore additional ports in the manifold, and a corresponding additionalone or more sets of connector ports and connector fluid paths in theconnector joining the corresponding ports of the valve stem andmanifold. Different rotary positions of the valve stem may selectivelyalign the ports to open one or more sets of fluid pathways at a time.Any one or more of the connector ports in direct contact with theperipheral wall (including all such connector ports) may include acurved outer surface shaped to correspond to a curvature of an outersurface of the peripheral wall and/or to seal that directly contactingport with the peripheral wall. This curved outer surface rides along(moves with respect to) the peripheral wall (and maintains sealedcontact during rotation) when the valve stem is rotated. A lubricant mayhelp support this relative sliding action and help maintain a sealedconnection. Other sealed connections also may be provided in the overallsystems described herein.

Additional or alternative aspects of this technology relate to inclusionof pressure sensors in fluid flow control system for articles offootwear. Such fluid flow control systems may include: (a) a fluiddistributor; (b) a manifold including: (i) a manifold body, (ii) a firstmanifold fluid path defined through the manifold body and extending froma first manifold port that is in fluid communication with the fluiddistributor to a second manifold port that is in fluid communicationwith a first footwear component, (iii) a first pressure sensor mount(e.g., one or more of a recess or a raised tube) defined in the manifoldbody or extending from the manifold body, and (iv) a first open channelextending between the first pressure sensor mount and the first manifoldfluid path; and (c) a first pressure sensor mounted at the firstpressure sensor mount in a fluid tight manner. Additional manifoldports, manifold fluid paths, pressure sensor mounts, and open channelsmay be provided, e.g., for additional pressure sensors for measuringpressure in other fluid lines. Additionally or alternatively, fluid flowcontrol systems for articles of footwear may include: (a) a fluiddistributor; (b) a manifold including a first manifold port; (c) asealing connector including: (i) a connector body, (ii) a firstconnector fluid path defined through the connector body and extendingfrom a first connector port that is in fluid communication with thefluid distributor to a second connector port that is in fluidcommunication with the first manifold port, (iii) a first pressuresensor mount (e.g., one or more of a recess or a raised tube) defined inthe connector body or extending from the connector body, and (iv) afirst open channel extending between the first pressure sensor mount andthe first connector fluid path; and (d) a first pressure sensor mountedat the first pressure sensor mount in a fluid tight manner. In suchsystems, additional manifold ports, connector ports, connector fluidpaths, pressure sensor mounts, and open channels may be provided, e.g.,for additional pressure sensors for measuring pressure in other fluidlines.

Additional or alternative aspects of this technology relate to systemsand methods for changing fluid pressure in a component of an article offootwear. Such systems and methods may include hardware and/or softwarefor performing a method comprising: (a) receiving input data indicatinga target pressure for fluid pressure in a first footwear component,wherein the first footwear component is a foot support bladder or afluid container; (b) moving fluid through a continuous fluid line thatextends between a first port of a manifold or a sealing connector and asecond port of the manifold or sealing connector, wherein the first portis in fluid communication with the first footwear component, and whereinthe second port is in fluid communication with a second footwearcomponent or an external environment; (c) measuring fluid pressure inthe continuous fluid line as fluid moves through the continuous fluidline using a first pressure sensor; (d) determining an adjusted fluidpressure based on the fluid pressure measured by the first pressuresensor during the measuring step; and (e) stopping fluid flow throughthe continuous fluid line when the adjusted fluid pressure determined inthe determining step is within a predetermined range of the targetpressure. The adjusted fluid pressure estimates fluid pressure in thefirst footwear component. In some examples of this technology, theadjusted fluid pressure corrects for flow rate dependent offset betweenthe fluid pressure measured by the first pressure sensor during themeasuring step and actual fluid pressure in the first footwearcomponent. Such flow rate dependent offset may be caused, for example,by fluid flowing through fluid lines having a small internal crosssectional area or diameter (e.g., less than 50 mm², and in someexamples, less than 40 mm², less than 30 mm², less than 20 mm², or evenless than 16 mm²).

Given the general description of features, examples, aspects,structures, processes, and arrangements according to examples of thistechnology and this invention provided above, a more detaileddescription of specific example fluid transfer systems, fluid flowcontrol systems, foot support systems, sole structures, articles offootwear, and methods in accordance with this technology follows.

II. Detailed Description of Example Articles of Footwear, Foot SupportSystems, and Other Components and/or Features According to thisTechnology

Referring to the figures and following discussion, various examples offoot support systems, fluid flow control systems, sole structures, andarticles of footwear in accordance with aspects of this technology aredescribed. Aspects of this technology may be used, for example, inconjunction with foot support systems, articles of footwear (or otherfoot-receiving devices), and/or methods described in the various U.S.patent applications noted above.

A. Footwear Structures

As noted above, some aspects of this technology relate to foot supportsystems, sole structures, and/or articles of footwear (and/or otherfoot-receiving devices) that may be placed in various differentoperational states. FIG. 1 generally shows an article of footwear 100(side view) in accordance with some examples of this technologyincluding an upper 102 and a sole structure 104 engaged with the upper102. Both the upper 102 and the sole structure 104 may be made from oneor more component parts, including conventional component parts as areknown and used in the footwear arts. The various parts of the article offootwear 100, including the upper 102 and sole structure 104 and/or theindividual component parts thereof, may be engaged together in anydesired manner, including in conventional manners as are known and usedin the footwear art. The upper 102 of this example includes afoot-receiving opening 106 that opens into an interior chamber (definedby the upper 102 and/or sole structure 104) for a user's foot. Asecuring system 108 (e.g., laces shown, although other types may beused) allows the article of footwear 100 to be releasably secured to theuser's foot.

As further shown in FIG. 1, this article of footwear 100 includes a footsupport system having a foot support bladder 200 for supporting at leasta portion of a plantar surface of a user's foot (the forefoot area inthis specifically illustrated example). The foot support system furtherincludes an “on-board” fluid container 400. The fluid container 400contains fluid (e.g., under pressure), and in this illustrated exampleis comprised of a fluid filled bladder. The fluid container 400 may belocated above an outsole component of the footwear 100, within a midsolecomponent (e.g., in a cavity of a foam part), and/or engaged with theupper 102. A fluid distributor (to be described in more detail below)selectively places the foot support system and/or article of footwear100 in two or more operational states, e.g., to move fluid from thefluid container 400 to the foot support bladder 200; from a fluid supplyinto the fluid container 400 and/or into the foot support bladder 200;and from a fluid supply, the fluid container 400, and/or the footsupport bladder 200 to the ambient or external environment. The fluiddistributor may include one or more of: a component with a movable valvestem; a component with one or more solenoids; a manifold connected withthe valve stem and/or solenoid(s) (e.g., with their housings); aconnector connecting components of the fluid distributor with a fluidsupply and/or fluid transfer lines; and/or one or more fluid transferlines.

FIGS. 2A and 2B show top and exploded views, respectively, of portionsof an article of footwear 100 that include various features inaccordance with aspects of this technology. As shown, this example footsupport system includes the fluid-filled foot support bladder 200 forsupporting at least a forefoot portion of a user's foot. A portion ofthe fluid container 400 of this example (also a fluid-filled bladder) islocated beneath the foot support bladder 200, and it extends rearwardbeyond the rear edge of the foot support bladder 200 (note also FIG. 1).An upper sole component 104U (e.g., an upper midsole componentoptionally formed of a polymeric foam material) overlies and/or engagesthe foot support bladder 200. A lower sole component 104L (e.g., a lowermidsole component optionally formed of a polymeric foam material)underlies and/or engages the foot support bladder 200. In thisillustrated example, both the upper sole component 104U and the lowersole component 104L extend rearward and include plantar support surfaces104US and 104LS, respectively, at least at a heel support area of thesole structure 104. Also, both the upper sole component 104U and thelower sole component 104L in this illustrated example include openings104UO and 104LO, respectively, extending completely through them at theforefoot support area. These openings 104UO, 104LO correspond toforefoot portions of the foot support bladder 200 and the fluidcontainer 400 in this illustrated example so that, if desired, at leastportions of the top surface 400S of the fluid container 400 and thebottom surface 200S of the foot support bladder 200 directly face and/orcontact one another at least in their forefoot support areas in thefinal assembled sole structure 104.

One or more cage components 300 may be provided, e.g., formed ofpolymeric material (e.g., a thermoplastic polyurethane, etc.), to securethe foot support bladder 200. A multi-part cage component 300 is shownin FIG. 2B including a lateral cage component 300L, a medial cagecomponent 300M, and a middle or rear cage component 300R. The lateralcage component 300L and the medial cage component 300M engagecorresponding sidewalls of the lower sole component 104L and/orcorresponding sidewalls of the foot support bladder 200, and the middleor rear cage component 300R engages the rear edge of foot supportbladder 200. If desired (and as shown in FIG. 2B), at least one of thelateral cage component 300L and the medial cage component 300M mayinclude openings defined through them so that the sidewall(s) of thefoot support bladder 200 may be exposed and visible at the exterior ofthe sole structure 104 in the final assembled sole structure 104. SeeFIG. 1. This example sole structure 104 further includes an optionalshank 120 in the midfoot area. This example shank 120 includes agenerally U-shaped opening having arms to support bottom side edges ofthe foot support bladder 200 and/or a rear base area to support thebottom rear of the foot support bladder 200.

The upper sole component 104U of this example includes a sidewall 104S(e.g., extending upward from the plantar support surface 104US) forminga portion of its exterior surface. The exterior lateral side of sidewall104S has a recess 104R defined in it. This recess 104R receives a fluiddistributor 500. In this illustrated example, the lateral cage component300L extends rearward and forms a portion of a base that is received inthe recess 104R, and this base is engaged with and/or forms at leastsome portion of the fluid distributor 500 (e.g., part of its housing502). Alternatively, if desired, the fluid distributor 500 may be anindependent part from lateral cage component 300L and/or directlyengaged with the exterior surface of the upper sole component 104U (orother footwear component part and/or upper 102 part).

Several features and components of the fluid distributor 500 aredescribed in detail below. In some examples of this technology, thefluid distributor 500 includes or defines: (a) an inlet for receivingfluid from a fluid supply (e.g., from the external environment, fromanother internal fluid line, from a pump or compressor, etc.), (b) afirst fluid pathway for transferring fluid to the external environment(e.g., to exhaust excess gas introduced by the fluid supply, to reducepressure in the foot support bladder 200, to reduce pressure in thefluid container 400, etc.), (c) a second fluid pathway in fluidcommunication with the foot support bladder 200 (e.g., to move fluidinto and/or out of the foot support bladder 200 and/or to change fluidpressure in the foot support bladder 200), and/or (d) a third fluidpathway in fluid communication with the fluid container 400 (e.g., tomove fluid into and/or out of the fluid container 400 and/or to changefluid pressure in the fluid container 400).

FIG. 2B further illustrates a fluid transfer line 200F or tube extendingto foot support bladder 200 and a tube recess 200R formed within thesidewall recess 104R. The tube recess 200R provides room to allow fluidflow lines to meet and join up with the fluid distributor 500 as will bedescribed in more detail below. Also, while not shown in FIG. 2B, solestructures 104 of this type may include a pump (e.g., a foot activatedpump, a battery operated pump, a compressor, etc.) that acts as at leasta portion of a fluid supply and/or an outsole component (e.g., to coverand protect the fluid container 400).

As mentioned above and shown in the examples of FIGS. 3A-3D, at leastsome examples of this technology will include a fluid supply in the formof one or more pumps, including one or more foot-activated pumps. Whenone pump is present, it may move fluid received from the externalenvironment via a fluid pathway extending from the external environmentto the pump to the fluid distributor 500 for distribution to a finaldesired destination (e.g., the foot support bladder 200, the fluidcontainer 400, or back to the external environment). Alternatively, FIG.3A shows a two stage pumping system including a heel activated bulb pump600H (which also is referred to as a “first pump” herein) that isconnected via fluid line 602 to forefoot activated bulb pump 600F (whichis also referred to as a “second pump” herein) in “series.” Thus, in atleast some examples of this technology: (a) an inlet 600HI of the heelactivated pump 600H is in fluid communication with the externalenvironment (e.g., by a fluid path extending from the externalenvironment to the inlet 600HI through the fluid distributor 500, suchas fluid line 604); (b) an outlet 600HO of the heel activated pump 600His in fluid communication with an inlet 600FI of the forefoot activatedpump 600F via fluid line 602, and (c) an outlet 600FO of the forefootactivated pump 600F is in fluid communication with an inlet of the fluiddistributor 500, such as fluid line 606. The “upstream” pump (600H inthis description, but could be 600F in some examples) may be somewhatlarger than the “downstream” pump (600F in this description, but couldbe 600H in some examples), to improve fluid flow and pumping efficiency.A two-stage pump may have features and/or structures like those shown incorresponding structures disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/698,138 filed Nov. 27, 2019.

Additionally or alternatively, if desired, when more than one pump ispresent, more than one pump may move fluid to an inlet of the fluiddistributor 500 (e.g., two or more pumps may have their outletsconnected directly to an inlet of fluid distributor 500). Once pumpedinto the fluid distributor 500, the fluid distributor 500 selectivelymoves the fluid to its ultimate destination, e.g., the foot supportbladder 200, the fluid container 400, or back to the externalenvironment, depending on its operational state. An exhaust valve orcheck valve may be provided with any pumps 600H, 600F present to preventan overpressure situation (e.g., should the fluid lines and/orcomponents downstream from the pumps 600H, 600F become blocked ornon-functional for any reason). The pump(s) 600F, 660H may be made,e.g., from RF welded TPU films bonded together to make a bulb typepumping chamber in known manners.

FIG. 3A illustrates generally spheroid or ellipsoid shaped bulb pumps600H, 600F. FIGS. 3B-3D, on the other hand, shows generally T-shapedbulb pumps 600H, 600F, with the forefoot bulb pump 600F oriented moreunder the metatarsal head support areas of the sole structure 104 (asopposed to more in the toe support areas in FIG. 3A). FIG. 3B showsgeneral potential locations for the pumps 600H, 600F in a sole structure104. FIG. 3C shows an overall arrangement of the pumps 600H, 600F andtheir connecting lines, and FIG. 3D shows a closer view of a T-shapedbulb pump (e.g., 600H in this example), which may be in fluidcommunication with a forefoot pump 600F, a fluid distributor 500, oranother footwear component.

The T-shaped bulb pumps 600H, 600F may be made somewhat wider and lessround than spheroid or ellipsoid to distribute the pump chamber volumeover a larger (e.g., wider) area of the user's foot (and thus make thepump(s) 600H, 600F feel less perceptible underfoot). These T-shaped bulbpumps 600H, 600F also may be connected in “series” (e.g., with theoutlet 600HO of pump 600H feeding into the inlet 600FI of pump 600F andthe outlet 600FO of pump 600F acting as a fluid source for the fluiddistributor 500, foot support systems, sole structures 104, and/orarticles of footwear 100, e.g., via fluid line 606). The bulb pumps600H, 600F may be sandwiched between sole components, such as betweenthe lower sole component 104L and one or more outsole components 104. Asan alternative, if desired, a forefoot outsole component may be providedto engage forefoot pump 600F and a separate heel outsole component maybe provided to engage the heel pump. In use, when a user lands a step orjump, the bulb pump 600H and/or 600F will compress between the solecomponents under the applied force (the user's weight), thereby forcingfluid out of the bulb pump 600H and/or 600F outlet 600HO, 600FO andmoving fluid from the pumps 600H, 600F to the fluid distributor 500.One-way valves may be provided to prevent backward fluid flow throughthe pump(s) 600F, 600H. The bulb pump(s) 600H, 600F may be attached toand/or located between flat or smoothly curved foam, bladder, outsole,or other sole component surfaces (e.g., to increase pumping volume perstep). If necessary, however, the bulb pump(s) 600H, 600F may be atleast partially received within a recess in at least one of thecomponents to which it is attached (e.g., within a recess in one or moreof a foam, bladder, outsole, or other sole component surface).

FIGS. 4A-5F schematically illustrate fluid distributor 500 and footsupport systems in accordance with at least some examples of thistechnology and their operation in various potential operational states.As shown and described above, these systems include a foot supportbladder 200, a fluid container or reservoir 400 (which also may includea fluid-filled bladder), and at least one pump (e.g., a heel based pump600H and a forefoot based pump 600F connected in series by fluid line602 shown). These parts are operatively connected to a fluid flowcontrol system or fluid distributor 500, which may include some or allof the component parts shown in broken lines in FIG. 4A. The fluiddistributor 500 of this example serves as a central hub to which fluidcomes from various starting locations (e.g., the external or ambientenvironment 150 or other fluid source; the pump(s) 600H, 600F; the footsupport bladder 200; or the fluid container 400) and from which thefluid leaves to go to various destinations (e.g., the external orambient environment 150; the foot support bladder 200; or the fluidcontainer 400). The fluid distributor 500 of this example includes aconnector 700, a manifold 800, and a fluid transfer system 900.

The fluid transfer system 900 shown in FIG. 4A can take on a variety offorms and/or structures. FIG. 4B illustrates various examplearrangements of different types of fluid transfer systems 900 in a fluiddistributor 500. The fluid transfer system toward the top right of FIG.4B includes a valve stem based fluid transfer system 900A. The centralfluid transfer systems shown in FIG. 4B are solenoid based fluidtransfer systems 900B, 900C. The fluid transfer system toward the bottomleft of FIG. 4B also is a valve stem based fluid transfer system 900D,but this fluid transfer system 900D includes a planetary gear typetransmission 922B as opposed to the geartrain transmission 922 providedin fluid transfer system 900A. These different fluid transfers systems900A, 900B, 900C, 900D (as well as variations thereof) are described inmore detail below and may be included in the housings 502 of fluiddistributor 500.

Various fluid lines connect fluid distributor 500 with the various fluidstarting locations and destinations. These fluid lines are described inmore detail in conjunction with the various operational states shown inFIGS. 5A-5F. The large “X's” in FIGS. 5A-5F show fluid paths of thefluid transfer system 900 that may be closed off in that operationalstate. When needed, these fluid paths may be closed off in any desiredmanner, e.g., by a check valve or one-way valve (e.g., in the fluid line606 from the pump(s) 600H, 600F), due to features of the valve stem, dueto solenoid valve configurational features, etc.

FIG. 5A shows an operational state in which fluid moves into the fluiddistributor 500 from the external environment 150 and is discharged backto the external environment 150. The fluid flow in this operationalstate is shown by the thick, arrowed, broken lines. This operationalstate may be used as a “standby” or “steady state” operational state tokeep the pumped fluid moving through the fluid distributor 500 even whenno pressure changes are needed to the foot support bladder 200 and/orthe fluid container 400. In this operational state, incoming fluid fromthe external environment 150 (e.g., air) enters the connector 700 viafilter 702 and connector inlet 702I. If necessary or desired, the filter702 may be removable, replaceable, and/or otherwise cleanable (e.g., tomaintain adequate air intake into the system from the externalenvironment 150). While any desired intake size may be used, in someaspects of this technology, the filter 702 may have an area of at least50 mm², an area between 50 mm² to 100 mm², an area between 50 mm² to 150mm², and area between 25 mm² to 250 mm², or other desired area. Anydesired type of filter media, filter construction, and/or filtermaterial may be used, such as a flat sheet of filter material, a flatscreen, etc. The filter 702 may provide a relatively large exterior areaof the connector 700, potentially providing at least a majority of thesurface area of one exposed outer surface of the connector 702, e.g., asshown in FIGS. 5A-5E, 11A, 12A, and 13B. Additionally or alternatively,if desired, a filter may be provided at other locations within theconnector 700 and/or within the fluid flow paths (e.g., somewhere beforeinlet to pump(s) 600H, 600F, extending at least partially inside theconnector 700 body, extending at least partially inside a dedicatedfluid path 702P, etc.).

From connector inlet 702I, fluid travels through the connector body(e.g., through fluid path 702P or an open interior space 710 insideconnector 700) and out through port 702O. In some examples of thistechnology, a dedicated fluid path 702P (e.g., a closed fluid tube)could be omitted (or made non-continuous with open ends inside theconnector 700 interior space 710) such that fluid may enter into openinterior space 710 from the connector inlet 702I and/or flow out of thisopen interior space 710 at an opening providing as port 702O. In suchexamples, the open interior space 710 may be considered as at least partof fluid path 702P through the connector 700. Outlet 702O connects to afluid path 604 that takes the fluid to the pump system (pump(s) 600H,600F and fluid line 602 connecting them, in this example). From thepump(s) 600H, 600F, fluid travels down a fluid line 606 back to an inletport 704 of the connector 700. A one-way valve or a check valve alongfluid line 606 may be present to prevent fluid from flowing back towardthe pump(s) 600H, 600F through connector inlet port 704 and/or fluidline 606. From connector inlet port 704, fluid flows through theconnector 700 via a connector fluid path 704P (also called a “fourthconnector fluid path” herein), to a connector outlet port 704O (alsocalled a “fourth fluid path connector” herein), and to an incoming fluidport 800A of the manifold 800. Fluid flows from the incoming fluid port800A, through a fluid inlet path 802 in the manifold 800, through afluid inlet port 800I and into the fluid transfer system 900. In thisoperational state, fluid leaves the fluid transfer system 900, passesthrough a first manifold port 804, through a first manifold fluid flowpath 806 defined in the manifold 800, through another manifold port800B, to a first fluid path connector (or port) 706 of the connector700, through the first connector fluid path 708, and optionally to theexternal environment 150. Additionally or alternatively, fluid passingthrough first fluid path connector 706 may empty into the interior space710 within the connector 700 (and thus become part of the externalenvironment) and/or be available for another pump cycle.

Alternatively, in some examples of this technology, in this operationalstate, rather than continuously moving fluid through the fluiddistributor 500 with each step when it is simply going to be dischargedback into the external environment 150, a selectively operable fluidpath could be provided from the pump(s) 600H, 600F directly to theexternal environment 150. As another option, when no fluid pressurechanges are needed, the pump(s) 600H, 600F could be deactivated.

FIG. 5B shows an operational state in which fluid moves into the fluiddistributor 500 from the external environment 150 and is transferred tothe foot support bladder 200. Again, the fluid flow in this operationalstate is shown by the thick, arrowed, broken lines. This operationalstate may be used to increase pressure in the foot support bladder 200,e.g., for a firmer feel and/or more intense activities (such asrunning). In this operational state, incoming fluid from the externalenvironment 150 (e.g., air) moves through the connector 700, through themanifold 800, and into the fluid transfer system 900 in the same manner(and through the same components) as described above for FIG. 5A. Inthis operational state, however, fluid leaves the fluid transfer system900, passes through a second manifold port 808, through a secondmanifold fluid flow path 810 defined in the manifold 800, throughanother manifold port 800C, to a second fluid path connector (or port)712 of the connector 700, through the second connector fluid path 714,through another connector port 720, into a foot support fluid line 202,and into the foot support bladder 200.

In some instances, it may be desired to remove fluid from the footsupport bladder 200 in order to decrease pressure in the foot supportbladder 200 (e.g., to provide a softer feel or for less intenseactivities, such as walking or casual wear). An example of thisoperational state is shown in FIG. 5C, and the fluid flow is shown bythe thick, arrowed, broken lines. In this operational state, fluidleaves the foot support bladder 200, enters foot support fluid line 202,passes into the second connector fluid path 714 via connector port 720and to second fluid path connector 712 of the connector 700. From thesecond fluid path connector 712, fluid passes through manifold port 800Cand into the second manifold fluid flow path 810 defined in the manifold800, through the second manifold port 808 and into the fluid transfersystem 900. From here, in this example system and operational state, thefluid is discharged to the external environment 150. This occurs by thefluid leaving the fluid transfer system 900, passing through the firstmanifold port 804, through the first manifold fluid flow path 806defined in the manifold 800, through manifold port 800B to the firstfluid path connector (or port) 706 of the connector 700, and through thefirst connector fluid path 708 to the external environment 150 (whichmay constitute an interior space 710 within the connector 700). Firstconnector fluid path connector (or port) 706 may form a port forbringing fluid to be released from the overall system (a “fluid releaseport”) back to the connector 700 to enable the fluid release.

Another potential operational state for fluid distributor 500 and footsupport systems in accordance with some examples of this technology isshown in FIG. 5D. In this operational state, fluid is transferred fromthe fluid container 400 to the external environment 150, e.g., to reducefluid pressure in the fluid container 400. The fluid flow of thisoperational state is shown by the thick, arrowed, broken lines. In thisoperational state, fluid leaves the fluid container 400, enters a fluidcontainer fluid line 402, passes into a third connector fluid path 716via connector port 722 and to a third fluid path connector (or port) 718of the connector 700. From the third fluid path connector 718, fluidpasses through manifold port 800D and into a third manifold fluid flowpath 812 defined in the manifold 800, through a third manifold port 814and into the fluid transfer system 900. From here, in this examplesystem and operational state, the fluid is discharged to the externalenvironment 150. This occurs by the fluid leaving the fluid transfersystem 900, passing through the first manifold port 804, through thefirst manifold fluid flow path 806 defined in the manifold 800, throughmanifold port 800B to the first fluid path connector (or port) 706 ofthe connector 700, and through the first connector fluid path 708 to theexternal environment 150 (which may constitute an interior space 710within the connector 700).

In some examples of fluid distributors 500 and foot support systemsaccording to aspects of this technology, it may be desired to use theon-board fluid container 400 to adjust (and in this example, increase)fluid pressure in the foot support bladder 200. This may allow morepredictable or controlled fluid transfer over time as less influence influid flow from pressure spikes due to foot contact with the ground maybe experienced. An example of this operational state is shown in FIG.5E. In this operational state, fluid leaves the fluid container 400,enters the fluid container fluid line 402, passes into the thirdconnector fluid path 716 via connector port 722 and to the third fluidpath connector 718 of the connector 700. From the third fluid pathconnector port 718, fluid passes through manifold port 800D into thethird manifold fluid flow path 812 defined in the manifold 800, throughthe third manifold port 814 and into the fluid transfer system 900. Fromhere, in this example system and operational state, the fluid istransferred to the foot support bladder 200. This occurs by the fluidleaving the fluid transfer system 900, passing through the secondmanifold port 808, through the second manifold fluid flow path 810defined in the manifold 800, through manifold port 800C to the secondfluid path connector 712 of the connector 700, through the secondconnector fluid path 714 to connector port 720, into foot support fluidline 202, and into the foot support bladder 200.

FIG. 5F shows an example operational state for adding fluid to the fluidcontainer 400 (e.g., to increase fluid volume and/or pressure in thefluid container 400). In this operational state, incoming fluid from theexternal environment 150 (e.g., air) enters the connector 700 via filter702 and connector inlet 702I. From connector inlet 702I, fluid travelsthrough the connector body to connector outlet port 702O and to a fluidpath 604 that takes the fluid to the pump system (pump(s) 600H, 600F).From the pump(s) 600H, 600F, fluid travels down a fluid line 606 back toan inlet port 704 of the connector 700. A one-way valve or a check valvealong fluid line 606 may be present to prevent fluid from flowing backtoward the pump(s) 600H, 600F through connector inlet port 704 and/orfluid line 606. From connector inlet port 704, fluid flows through theconnector 700 via a connector fluid path 704P, to a connector outletport 704O, and to an incoming fluid port 800A of the manifold 800. Fluidflows from the incoming fluid port 800A, through a fluid inlet path 802in the manifold 800, through manifold inlet port 800I and to the fluidtransfer system 900. In this operational state, fluid leaves the fluidtransfer system 900, passes through the third manifold port 814, throughthe third manifold fluid flow path 812 defined in the manifold 800,through manifold port 800D, to the third fluid path connector (or port)718 of the connector 700, through the third connector fluid path 716,through connector port 722, into the fluid container fluid line 402, andinto the fluid container 400.

Some portions or all of the fluid distributor 500 (e.g., including someor all of the connector 700, manifold 800, and/or fluid transfer system900) may be included in or engaged with a housing 502 (e.g., including aframe 504 and a cap 506). See FIGS. 2A and 2B. The housing 502 may bemounted to the sole structure 104 and/or to the footwear upper 102. Whenmounted on a side surface of an article of footwear 100, e.g., as shownin FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 6-7E, the fluid distributor 500 may be located at alateral, heel area of the upper 102 and/or sole structure 104, e.g., tohelp prevent undesired contact between the user's feet. The examplefootwear 100 structures of FIGS. 6-7E show the sole structure 104including an upwardly extending base surface 700S that provides a basefor attachment of the fluid distributor 500. The base surface 700S mayform part of lateral cage component 300L described above in conjunctionwith FIG. 2B. Fluid lines (e.g., from the foot support bladder 200, fromthe fluid container 400, from the fluid source (e.g., pump(s) 600H,600F), and/or from the external environment 150) may extend through thisbase surface 700S and/or otherwise may be exposed at this base surface700S for engagement with the fluid distributor 500, as will be describedin more detail below.

As further shown in FIG. 6 (and as will be described in more detailbelow), if desired, the cap 506 of the fluid distributor 500 may includean input system, e.g., one or more switches (506A and 506B shown in FIG.6). These switches 506A and 506B can function as user inputs, e.g., toallow a user to manually increase (switch 506A) or decrease (switch506B) air pressure in the foot support bladder 200. User interactionwith switches 506A and 506B, when present, may activate the fluiddistributor 500 and fluid transfer system 900 to move fluid as describedwith respect to one or more of the operational states above. FIG. 6further illustrates that the fluid distributor 500 may include one ormore lights 506L (e.g., one or more LED's (e.g., 12) around a perimeterof its housing 502) within a light guide. These light(s) 506L may bedecorative and/or may allow color variations of the displayed light. Insome examples, the light(s) 506L may provide information, e.g., relatingto one or more of: (a) an “on” or “off” status of the fluid distributor500 (e.g., light(s) 506L on means powered, light(s) 506L off meansunpowered); (b) foot support pressure and/or other pressure statusinformation of the footwear 100 (e.g., depending on light color and/orflashing indicating maximum pressure, minimum pressure, intermediatepressure(s), etc.); (c) system reset status; (d) factory reset status;(e) powering on, powering off, and/or reboot status; (f) pressureadjustment in progress; (g) an error condition; (h) battery chargingstatus; (i) remaining battery charge status; (j) successful and/orunsuccessful electronic communication status information with the othershoe and/or a mobile computing device (BTLE confirmation status); (k)data download, upload, and/or software update progress or statusinformation; (l) operational state identifying and/or statusinformation; etc. Additionally or alternatively, input data (e.g., fromspeed and/or distance monitoring device, optionally included with thefootwear) may be used to control the lights (e.g., the color(s) of thelights(s) 506L, the number of light(s) 506L lit, change in lightingarrangement, the arrangement of lit light(s) 506L, the sequence oflighting, the animation of the lights, etc.). Such data also may enablethe lights to provide information, such as foot speed information,distance run information, acceleration information, workout intensityinformation, battery life status information, decorative features, etc.Light colors, animations, styles, and the like may differ, e.g., betweendifferent shoe models, different shoe types, different shoe colorways,etc. Light “animations” as used herein may include, for example one ormore of: displayed light colors; changes in displayed light colors;light blinking or flashing rates; changes in light blinking or flashingrates; the number and/or arrangement of the displayed lights; changes inthe number and/or arrangement of the displayed lights; etc. While otheroptions are possible, in the specific example of FIG. 6, the lights 506Lform an annular ring around the housing 502 (although the entire annularring need not be lit at the same time).

Accelerometer data, speed and/or distance data, impact force data,and/or other data (e.g., detected by “on-board” foot sensors systems,data from sensors included in apparel, and/or data from an externaldevice (such as a smartphone based speed and/or distance monitoringsystem)) may be communicated to the fluid flow control system and used,e.g., to automatically adjust foot support bladder 200 pressure.Detected faster speeds and/or acceleration may be used as input(s) toinitiate a foot support pressure increase, while detected slower speedsand/or deceleration may be used as input(s) to initiate a foot supportpressure decrease. These types of additional input data, input datasources, and/or pressure adjustments may be provided in any of theexamples of fluid distributors 500, fluid flow control systems, fluidtransfer systems 900, foot support systems, sole structures 104, and/orarticles of footwear 100 described in this specification.

FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate another example arrangement of a fluiddistributor 500 and/or a foot support system in an article of footwear100. As shown in these figures, the fluid container 400 (formed as afluid-filled bladder in this example) is provided at least in a heelsupport area of the article of footwear 100 and the foot support bladder200 is provided at least in a forefoot support area of the article offootwear 200. The opposite arrangement also is possible. For example, inFIG. 8A, the fluid container 400 (e.g., formed as a fluid-filledbladder) may be provided at least in a forefoot support area of thearticle of footwear 100 and the foot support bladder 200 may be providedat least in a heel support area of the article of footwear 200. Someportions or all of the fluid distributor 500 (e.g., including some orall of the connector 700, manifold 800, and/or fluid transfer system900) may be mounted at a rear heel area of the article of footwear 100.The fluid distributor 500 in this example is engaged with the upper 102,although it may be engaged, at least in part, with the sole structure104 at the rear heel area, if desired. Additionally or alternatively, asshown in FIG. 9, if desired, at least a portion of the fluid distributor500 may be releasably secured (see arrow 508) within a receptacle 510provided on the footwear 100 structure (e.g., as part of the solestructure 104 and/or upper 102, such as a heel counter type component).If necessary or desired, a locking mechanism (e.g., releasable retainingflap 512) may be used to hold the fluid distributor 500 in place withrespect to the receptacle 510. Any desired manner of releasably securingthe fluid distributor 500 in the receptacle 510 may be used withoutdeparting from this technology.

FIG. 10 provides a block diagram illustrating features of assembly of anexample article of footwear 100 (e.g., including a sole structure 104like that shown in FIG. 2B), including inclusion of a fluid distributor500 or fluid flow control system in accordance with some aspects of thistechnology. In addition to the various components and parts describedabove, FIG. 10 provides additional information as to how the componentsand/or parts may be engaged together. Examples include the use ofprimers and adhesives, snap fit parts, retention clips, RF welds, anddirect tube connections. Any desired manner of engaging the variouscomponents and/or parts together may be used without departing from thistechnology, including connectors, adhesives, and the like as areconventionally known and used in the footwear arts.

In some examples of this technology, the fluid distributor 500 may havea configuration like that shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B (note also thediscussion of FIGS. 5A-5F above). In this example, the connector 700includes a filter 702 that accepts fluid from the external environment(e.g., via inlet port 702I). The connector 700 forms a separate partthat is engaged with a housing 750, and the manifold 800 and fluidtransfer system 900 are contained within housing 750. The connector 700of this example connects with four external fluid lines (e.g., flexibletubes). One fluid line 604 takes incoming fluid from the externalenvironment, via connector inlet port 702I and outlet port 702O, to thepump(s) (600H, 600F). A second fluid line 606 takes fluid from thepump(s) (600H, 600F) back to the connector 700 so it can be introducedinto the manifold 800 and fluid transfer system 900 under increasedpressure from the pump(s) 600H, 600F. A third fluid line 202 extends toand is in fluid communication with the foot support bladder 200. Thisfluid line 202 is used to move fluid into the foot support bladder 200from the fluid distributor 500 and out of the foot support bladder 200into the fluid distributor 500. A fourth fluid line 402 extends to andis in fluid communication with the fluid container 400. This fluid line402 is used to move fluid into the fluid container 400 from the fluiddistributor 500 and out of the fluid container 400 into the fluiddistributor 500. Notably, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the ports 702O,704, 720, and 722 of connector 700 connecting with external fluid lines604, 606, 202, and 402, respectively, may be aligned along one surface704S of the connector 700 (and extend, at least in part, in parallelthrough the connector 700, if desired).

FIGS. 11A and 11B further illustrate that the housing 750 for themanifold 800 and fluid transfer system 900 of this example includes fourports: 800A, 800B, 800C, and 800D. Port 800A of this example connectswith port 704O on the connector 700 body in fluid communication withfluid line 704P to accept incoming fluid from fluid line 606 (and thusfrom the pump(s) (600H, 600F)) and takes the incoming fluid into themanifold 800 and/or fluid transfer system 900. Port 800B of this exampleconnects with port 706 on the connector 700 body and exhausts excess orundesired fluid back to the external environment (e.g., through theconnector 700 body). Port 800C of this example connects with port 712 onthe connector 700 body and exchanges fluid (in either direction) betweenthe foot support bladder 200 and the manifold 800. Port 800D of thisexample connects with port 718 on the connector 700 body and exchangesfluid (in either direction) between the fluid container 400 and themanifold 800. Notably, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the ports 800A,800B, 800C, and 800D of manifold 800 may be aligned along one surface750A of the housing 750 and/or of the manifold 800 (and may extend, atleast in part, in parallel through the housing 750 and/or the manifold800, if desired). Connector 700 ports 704O, 706, 712, and 718 (whichconnect with manifold ports 800A, 800B, 800C, and 800D, respectively)may be aligned along one surface 704S of the connector 700 (and extend,at least in part, in parallel through the connector 700, if desired). Inthis illustrated example, connector 700 ports 704O, 706, 712, and 718may be located somewhat below and offset from connector ports 704, 702O,720, and 722, respectively, on surface 704B of the connector 700.Surfaces 704S and 704B may constitute a common surface on the connector700, may be offset from one another, may be different from one another,may face in different directions, etc.

FIG. 11B further illustrates that one or more of the connector fluidpaths 704P, 714, 716 may define a bent or curved path. One or moreconnector fluid paths 704P, 714, 716 may include: (a) a first axialdirection 700AX1, (b) a second axial direction 700AX2, and (c) aconnecting portion 700CP joining the first axial direction 700AX1 andthe second axial direction 700AX2. The first axial direction 700AX1 andthe second axial direction 700AX2 extend away from one another from theconnecting portion 700CP at an angle of 70 degrees or less.

As further shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the connector 700 of this exampleincludes fluid paths 704P, 714, 716 that pass through the connector bodyto connect connector ports 704, 720, 722 with manifold ports 800A, 800C,800D. The fluid paths 704P, 714, 716 form a bent or curved path throughthe connector 700 body in this example. Fluid may enter and exit theconnector 700 from the same general side of the connector 700 and/or inthe same general direction (e.g., as shown in FIG. 11B).

FIGS. 12A-12C further illustrate the connector 700-to-housing 750connection of FIGS. 11A and 11B to highlight some additional potentialfeatures. As shown in these figures, a sealing system 760 is providedbetween the ports 800A, 800B, 800C, 800D of manifold 800 and the ports,704O, 706, 712, 718, respectively, of connector 700. The sealing system760 includes female engagement parts (e.g., channels 760A, 760B, 760C,760D) that fit around male engagement parts (e.g., tubular structuresforming the outer surfaces of ports 800A, 800B, 800C, 800D) to sealinglyengage the manifold 800 with the connector 700. The other ends ofchannels 760A, 760B, 760C, 760D may sealingly engage the connector 700and align with (and/or form) connector ports 704O, 706, 712, 718.

FIGS. 13A-13C illustrate a different connection between the housing 750and the external fluid lines 202, 402, 604, 606. In this example, theconnector 700 is not a separate part engaged with manifold 800, butrather the connector 700 constitutes part of the manifold 800 and/or isfixed in housing 750. In this connection, the ends of fluid lines 202,402, 604, 606 form male connector parts that extend into female openingsforming the ports 704, 702O, 720, 722 of the connector 700 portion ofmanifold 800. In this structure, fluid enters and exits the connector700 from different sides or surfaces 704S, 704B of the connector 700and/or in different directions. Thus, the connector 700-to-housing 750connections shown in FIGS. 13A-13C follow a different path shape thanthe connector 700-to-housing 750 fluid flow path shapes shown in FIGS.11A-12C (i.e., connector fluid paths 704P, 714, 716 differ in shape inthese examples). FIGS. 13A-13C further show fluid lines 202, 402, 604,606 (which extend from internal locations within the article of footwear100) secured to the outer surface 750S of housing 750 by one or moreretainer clips 752 (one clip 752 shown in FIGS. 13A-13C engaging all offluid lines 202, 402, 604, 606). The retainer clip(s) 752 helps hold thefluid lines 202, 402, 604, 606 in place with respect to the housing 750,which can help prevent kinks, disconnections, etc. and/or assist withassembly. The retainer clip(s) 752 may be engaged with housing 750 inany desired manner, including via retaining structures 754 and frictionfit, releasable engagements, fixed engagements, adhesives, mechanicalconnectors, etc.

FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate features of engaging a fluid distributor500 according to some aspects of this technology with an article offootwear 100 or a component thereof (such as part of a sole structure104). Referring back to the example of FIGS. 2A and 2B, the fluiddistributor 500 of that example was engaged with a lateral cagecomponent 300L of a sole structure 104. The fluid distributor 500 ofthis example includes housing 750 that contains at least the manifold800 and fluid transfer system 900 (optionally engaged with connector 700as described above). The frame 504 may be engaged or integrally formedwith the cage component 300L or other sole 104 and/or upper 102component in any desired manner, e.g., such as adhesives, mechanicalconnectors, 3D printing, etc. Once the housing 750 is engaged with theconnector 700 and/or the connector 700 is engaged with the externalfluid lines (e.g., as described above and in more detail below), thehousing 750 may be engaged within the recess 504R of the frame 504 andfixed to it (in a permanently fixed or releasable manner). In theillustrated example, housing 750 is engaged with sidewalls 504W of theframe 504 by retaining elements 750R extending and fitting intoretaining recesses 504A provided in the interior of sidewalls 504W offrame 504. A pressure sensitive adhesive (“PSA”) 770 may be applied tothe top surface of the housing 750 and/or the bottom interior surface ofthe cap 506 to help hold these parts together.

Additionally or alternatively, the cap 506 may be engaged (permanentlyor releasably) with sidewalls 504W of the frame 504, e.g., by retainingelements 506R extending and fitting into retaining recesses 504Bprovided in the exterior of sidewalls 504W of frame 504. The retainingelement(s) 506R of cap 506, when present, may be made from a polyetherbased thermoplastic polyurethane material having good low temperatureflexibility and damping characteristics (e.g., to reduce rattling of thecap 506 on the frame 504).

FIGS. 15A-15C further illustrate an example of incorporating a fluiddistributor 500 into a footwear structure (e.g., into a footwear solestructure 104) in accordance with some examples of this technology. Theconnection shown in FIGS. 15A-15C relates to a system having a housing750 containing the manifold 800 and fluid transfer system 900 engagedwith a separate connector 700 structure, e.g., as shown in FIGS.11A-12C. As shown in FIG. 15A, first the fluid lines from the variousfootwear component parts are brought to and engaged with connector 700.In this example, these fluid lines include: (a) fluid line 604 extendingfrom the connector inlet 702I to the pump(s) 600H, 600F, (b) fluid line606 extending from the pump(s) 600H, 600F back to the connector 700, (c)fluid line 202 extending between the foot support bladder 200 and theconnector 700, and (d) fluid line 402 extending between the fluidcontainer 400 and the connector 700. Fluid lines 604, 606, 202, 402 maybe engaged with their respective connector ports 702O, 704, 720, 722 inany desired manner, including via use of adhesives, mechanicalconnectors, friction fits, engaged male/female connectors, etc.

Then, as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the housing 750 including themanifold 800 and the fluid transfer system 900 may be engaged with theconnector 700 (e.g., to form the complete fluid distributor 500 of thisexample). This may occur, for example, by sliding manifold ports 800A,800B, 800C, 800D into fluid communication with connector fluid paths704P, 708, 714, 716, respectively at connector ports 704O, 706, 712,718, respectively. Note the discussion above relating to FIGS. 5A-5F and11A-12C. While not a requirement, this illustrated example includes thesealing system 760 having channels 760A-760D receiving male ports800A-800D, respectively, of manifold 800. If necessary or desired, anadhesive may be applied to the manifold ports 800A, 800B, 800C, 800D,the connector 700 ports 704O, 706, 712, 718, and/or (when present) thesealing channels 760A, 760B, 760C, 760D to fix the connecting partstogether.

As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, as the housing 750 is being engaged withthe connector 700 (in housing recess 750B), the housing 750-with engagedconnector 700-may be moved into the recess 504R of the frame 504 so thatthe housing 750 engages frame 504 in the manner described above inconjunction with FIGS. 14A and 14B (e.g., snap fit into place,adhesively bonded, mechanical connectors, etc.). Then, as shown by acomparison of FIG. 15B and 15C, the cap 506 may be engaged with thehousing 750 and/or frame 504, e.g., in the manner described above inconjunction with FIGS. 14A and 14B (e.g., snap fit into place,adhesively bonded with pressure sensitive adhesive 770, mechanicalconnectors, etc.). FIG. 15C shows the final assembled sole component 104of this example. The sole component 104 may be engaged with an upper 102to form the overall article of footwear 100 (before or after the housing750 is engaged in the frame 504).

FIGS. 15D-15G illustrate assembly of a connection in which the connector700 is formed as part of the manifold 800 structure and included inhousing 750 prior to assembly. As shown in FIGS. 15D and 15E, first thefluid lines from the various footwear component parts are brought to andengaged with connector 700 ports located at the interior side of housing750. In this example, these fluid lines include: (a) fluid line 604extending from the connector inlet 702I to the pump(s) 600H, 600F, (b)fluid line 606 extending from the pump(s) 600H, 600F back to theconnector 700, (c) fluid line 202 extending between the foot supportbladder 200 and the connector 700, and (d) fluid line 402 extendingbetween the fluid container 400 and the connector 700. The fluid lines604, 606, 202, 402 may be engaged with their respective connector ports702O, 704, 720, 722 in any desired manner, including via use ofadhesives, mechanical connectors, friction fits, etc. The ends of fluidlines 604, 606, 202, 402 of this example constitute or include femaletype connectors that fit over male type individual connectors providedwith connector ports 702O, 704, 720, 722. Alternatively, the ends of604, 606, 202, 402 may constitute or include male type connectors andfit within female type individual connectors provided with connectorports 702O, 704, 720, 722. Not all connections on an individual fluiddistributor 500 need to be the same type and/or structure.

As shown in FIGS. 15D and 15F, after the fluid lines 604, 606, 402, 202are engaged with the connector 700, the housing 750 may be moved intothe recess 504R of the frame 504 so that the housing 750 engages frame504, e.g., in the manner described above in conjunction with FIGS. 14Aand 14B (e.g., snap fit into place, adhesively bonded, mechanicalconnectors, etc.). Then, as shown by a comparison of FIG. 15F and 15G,the cap 506 may be engaged with the housing 750 and/or frame 504, e.g.,in the manner described above in conjunction with FIGS. 14A and 14B(e.g., snap fit into place, adhesively bonded with pressure sensitiveadhesive 770, mechanical connectors, etc.). FIG. 15G shows the finalassembled sole component 104 of this example. The sole component 104 maybe engaged with an upper 102 to form the overall article of footwear 100(before or after the housing 750 is engaged in the frame 504).

Fluid flow control systems (e.g., fluid distributor 500 and/or portionsthereof), foot support systems including such fluid flow controlsystems, and/or articles of footwear 100 in accordance with aspects ofthis technology may require a power source, e.g., for powering variouscomponents. Components that may require power may include, but are notnecessarily limited to, one or more of: a user input system; systems forchanging pressure within one or both of the foot support bladder 200and/or the fluid container 400; a system for driving and/or controllingthe fluid transfer system 900; the lights 506L (if present);accelerometers and/or other sensors; pumps; compressors; etc. In atleast some examples of this technology, the power source may include arechargeable battery contained in housing 750. FIGS. 16A-21C illustratevarious examples of systems (e.g., wireless systems) for recharging abattery in accordance with some examples of this technology. As oneexample, FIGS. 16A-16C show a charge puck 1102 that may be engaged withan AC adapter 1110 (e.g., via power lines 1104 and 1108). The chargepuck 1102 includes a magnet 1106 that engages with the shoe 100 at acharging station 502C. The charging station 502C (which may be includedas part of the fluid distributor 500) includes a receiver coil 514 thatoperatively engages the transmitter coil of the charge puck 1102 towirelessly recharge the battery in conventional manners (e.g., inductivecoupling) as are known and used in the relevant art. FIG. 16A showscharge puck 1102 engagable at a rear heel area of the shoe 100. FIGS.16B and 16C show charge puck 1102 engaged at a side (e.g., lateral, heelside) of shoe 100. FIG. 16B further illustrates a pair of charge pucks1102 including individual power lines 1104 engaged with a connector1108A that extends to a single power line 1108 coupled with AC adapter1110. Rather than rechargeable batteries, some examples of thistechnology may use non-rechargeable batteries.

FIGS. 17A and 17B illustrate other examples of charge pucks 1102A and1102B that may be used in some examples of this technology. Charge puck1102A of FIG. 17A includes plural magnets 1106 arranged around anannular transmitter coil 1112 to magnetically engage charge puck 1102Awith the charging station 502C magnet. Charge puck 1102B of FIG. 17Bincludes a central magnet 1106 that has an annular transmitter coil 1112arranged around it.

FIGS. 18A-18C show various manners in which a receiver coil 514 may beincorporated into a fluid distributor 500, e.g., of the types describedabove (such as beneath or as part of cap 506). The fluid distributor 500(e.g., its housing 750, cap 506, etc.) includes a magnet 520 toreleasably couple the charging puck (e.g., 1102, 1102A, 1102B, anotherstructure) for inductive coupling and charging. Receiver coil 514 isincluded to operatively couple to a transmitter coil in the chargingpuck for inductive charging. A housing 522 (such as a portion of housing750, cap 506, etc.) may prevent direct contact between the receiver coil514 and the charging puck 1102, 1102A, 1102B. Electrical outputgenerated by the receiver coil 514 (due to interaction with thetransmitter coil in the charge puck) can be used to charge arechargeable battery, e.g., in ways that are known and used in variousarts.

FIGS. 18B and 18C show alternative structures for an inductive chargingsystem in fluid distributor 500 (e.g., beneath cap 506). FIG. 18B showsthe receiver coil 514 separated from printed circuit board 526 with athin layer of ferrite 524 (e.g., an annular ring of ferrite 524). FIG.18C shows an additional and/or a thicker layer of ferrite 524, includingferrite 524 extending beneath the magnet 520 and separating the magnet520 from the printed circuit board 526. The additional ferrite 524 ofthe example of FIG. 18C helps shield the charging system from theprinted circuit board 526 and/or helps prevent overheating. Theadditional ferrite 524 of the example of FIG. 18C also may help preventthe magnet(s) 520 from interfering with operation of solenoids, e.g.,for fluid transfer systems 900 and/or fluid distributors 500 thatinclude solenoids. Alternatively, if desired, rechargeable batteriesthat rely on direct electrical contact between the power source andbattery may be used (rather than inductive charging systems).

One or both shoes 100 of a pair may require a power source and thus mayinclude a rechargeable battery for operating various components of thefluid distributor 500. FIGS. 19A-21C illustrate various examples ofcharging systems for a pair of shoes 100. FIGS. 19A-19D illustrate anexample system 1900 for simultaneously charging a pair of shoes 100L and100R using wireless charging. In this illustrated example, the chargingsystem 1900 resembles a pair of wired earbuds, with a charging puck1902L and 1902R for each shoe 100L, 100R, respectively. Wires 1904 fromthe charging pucks 1902L, 1902R (which may be located within aninsulating outer cover as is known in the relevant arts) meet at anintermediate connector 1906, and a wire 1908 extends from the connector1906 to an AC power adapter 1910. The term “wire” as used herein in thecontext of recharging systems for the footwear 100 means any type ofelectrical connector, including single wires, multiple wires, cables,conductive tracks or tracings, etc. The connector 1906 may distributepower to the two separate wires 1904, one going to each charging puck1902L, 1902R. FIG. 19A shows the charging pucks 1902L, 1902R engagedwith the fluid distributor 500 on the lateral sides of each of the leftshoe 100L and the right shoe 100R, respectively. FIGS. 19B and 19C showthe charging system 1900 parts for storage or travel, both without theAC power adapter 1910 (FIG. 19B) and with the AC power adapter 1910(FIG. 19C). While other options are possible, as shown in these figures,power wire 1908 may terminate at a USB connector component 1912 and theAC power adapter 1910 may include a port for receiving the USB connectorcomponent 1912. Further, as shown in FIG. 19D, in this system, the powerwire 1904 engages the body of the puck 1902L, 1902R through the sidesurface 1902S of the puck 1902L, 1902R.

FIGS. 19B and 19C further show that, for storage, the magnets of thecharging pucks 1902L, 1902R may engage with a magnet or magneticattracting material in the connector 1906 and/or the AC power adapter1910. In this manner, the charging pucks 1902L, 1902R are releasablyfixed to the connector 1906 and/or the AC power adapter 1910 by magneticengagement and forces, e.g., for storage or travel. If necessary, amagnet or magnetic attracting material may be incorporated into theconnector 1906 and/or the AC power adapter 1910 (e.g., to internal orexternal side surfaces of the connector 1906 and/or the AC power adapter1910) to facilitate this magnetic attractive engagement. Potentiallocations for magnet or magnetic attracting material the connector 1906and/or the AC power adapter 1910 for this purpose are shownschematically as broken lines 1914 in FIGS. 19B and 19C (e.g., providedas one or more small metal plates, panels, rings, etc.). Alternatively,if desired, the two charging pucks 1902L, 1902R may engage one anotherby the magnets included therein. As another option or alternative, ifdesired, a separate cover may be provided, including, a magnet ormagnetic attracting material therein, and the magnets of the chargingpucks 1902L, 1902R may engage the cover. The cover may constitute acover or container for holding the AC power adapter 1910, the connector1106, and/or the overall charging system 1900.

FIGS. 19E-19G show a similar “wired earbud” style charging system 1950to that described above in conjunction with FIGS. 19A-19D. Rather thanthe pucks 1902L, 1902R, however, the charging connectors 1952L and 1952Rare shaped more akin to paddles. More specifically, a rigid plastic“handle” 1960 extends rearward from the charging base 1962, and thewires 1954 from the charging base 1962 extend through the handle 1960.The wires 1954 from each charging connector 1952L, 1952R (which may belocated within an insulating outer cover as is known in the relevantarts) meet at an intermediate connector 1956, and a wire 1958 extendsfrom the connector 1956 to an AC power adapter 1910. The connector 1956may distribute power to the two separate wires 1954, one going to eachcharging connector 1952L, 1952R. FIG. 19E shows the charging connectors1952L, 1952R engaged with the fluid distributor 500 on the lateral sidesof each of the left shoe 100L and the right shoe 100R, respectively.FIGS. 19F and 19G show the charging system 1950 parts for storage ortravel, both without the AC power adapter 1910 (FIG. 19F) and with theAC power adapter 1910 (FIG. 19G). The charging system 1950 of FIGS.19E-19G may include a magnet or magnetic attracting material 1914 in theAC power adapter 1910, e.g., in the same manner described above withrespect to FIGS. 19B and 19C.

FIGS. 19E and 19F further show that intermediate connector 1956 mayreleasably connect to wires 1954, e.g., by end 1956A from wire 1958engaging ends 1954A of wires 1954. When releasable, any desired type ofreleasable electrical connection may be used, including sockets, plugs,clips, and/or other releasable connections as are known and used in therelevant arts. FIG. 19F further shows charging connectors 1952L, 1952Rdirectly and magnetically engaged with one another for storage or travelby the magnets included in them. Additionally, the wires 1954, 1958 maywrap around handles 1960 in a compact manner for storage or travel,e.g., as shown in FIG. 19F.

FIGS. 20A-20D illustrate another example system 2000 for simultaneouslycharging a pair of shoes 100L and 100R using wireless charging, e.g., ofthe various types described above. In this illustrated example, thecharging system 2000 resembles a pair of headphones, with a chargingpuck 2002L and 2002R for each shoe 100L, 100R, respectively. Wires fromthe charging pucks 2002L, 2002R extend through the interior of aflexible connector 2004 having a normally arched structure. The wiresfrom the charging pucks 2002L, 2002R connect to a wire 2008 that extendsfrom the arched connector 2004 to an AC power adapter 2010. Internalcircuitry and/or switching within arched connector 2004 may distributepower to the two charging pucks 2002L, 2002R. FIG. 20A shows chargingpuck 2002L engaged with the fluid distributor 500 on the lateral side ofleft shoe 100L and charging puck 2002R engaged with the fluiddistributor 500 on the lateral side of right shoe 100R. FIGS. 20B and20C show the charging system 2000 parts for storage or travel, bothwithout the AC power source 2010 (FIG. 20B) and with the AC power source2010 (FIG. 20C). Further, as shown in FIGS. 20A and 20D, in this system2000, the arched connector 2004 engages the side (and/or top) surface ofthe body of the puck 2002L, 2002R. FIG. 20B further shows chargingconnectors 2002L, 2002R directly engaged with one another for storage ortravel by the magnets included in them. Additionally or alternatively,if desired, the charging system 2000 of FIGS. 20A-20D may include amagnet or magnetic attracting material 1914 in the AC power adapter2010, e.g., in the same manner described above with respect to FIGS. 19Band 19C.

FIGS. 21A-21D illustrate another example system 2100 for simultaneouslycharging a pair of shoes 100L and 100R using wireless charging, e.g., ofthe various types described above. In this illustrated example, thecharging system 2100 includes a charging puck 2102L and 2102R for eachshoe 100L, 100R, respectively. A wire 2108 from an AC power adapter 2110connects to one of the charging pucks (puck 2102R in this illustratedexample), and another wire 2104 extends from that charging puck to theother charging puck (2102L in this illustrated example). Thus, as shownin FIG. 21D, circuitry within charging puck 2102R splits incoming powerfrom wire 2108: (a) to be used for charging at puck 2102R and (b) topass through puck 2102R to wire 2104 and to puck 2102L. Thus, the wires2108 and 2014 connect charging pucks 2102R, 2102L in series. FIG. 21Ashows the charging puck 2102R engaged with the fluid distributor 500 onthe lateral side of right shoe 100R and the connection of charging puck2102L with the lateral side of left shoe 100L. FIGS. 21B and 21C showthe charging system 2100 parts for storage or travel, both without theAC power adapter 2110 (FIG. 21B) and with the AC power adapter 2110(FIG. 21C). FIG. 21B further shows charging connectors 2102L, 2102Rdirectly engaged with one another for storage or travel by the magnetsincluded in them. Additionally or alternatively, if desired, thecharging system 2100 of FIGS. 21A-21D may include a magnet or magneticattracting material 1914 in the AC power adapter 2110, e.g., in the samemanner described above with respect to FIGS. 19B and 19C.

FIGS. 21B and 21C further show a different connector 2112 between wire2108 and AC power adapter 2110. Connector 2112 includes a mechanicalconnector to make electrical connection with a corresponding connectorprovided on the power adapter 2110 (e.g., a plug type connection). Anydesired type of connection between connector 2112 (as well as the otherconnectors described above in FIGS. 19A-20D) and its corresponding ACpower adapter 2110 can be used without departing from this technology,including fixed electrical connections, releasable electricalconnections, USB plug connections, and/or other suitable plugs, sockets,clips, and/or electrical connections as are known and used in therelevant rechargeable electronic and electrical device arts.

As mentioned above, the fluid distributor 500 (e.g., including housing502 made from a rigid plastic material) may include one or more buttons506A, 506B, e.g., used as user input for changing/controlling pressurein the foot support bladder 200 (and/or other portions of the footwear100). The fluid distributor 500 also may include one or more lights506L, e.g., as decoration and/or to indicate some status informationabout the footwear 100 and/or the overall system as described above.FIGS. 22A-22E provide additional information regarding potentialexamples of a user interface switch or system 2200 for unlocking theuser interface switch or system 2200 and/or changing the pressure insome portion of the foot support system. The “keep-out” zone shown inFIG. 22A corresponds with an area of the housing 502 that includes thecoil for magnetic charging as described above (“keep-out” meaning thatthe “real estate” beneath that area already is claimed for the coil orother structures, and thus cannot house circuitry and/or components foruser interface switch 2200).

FIG. 22A provides a chart of various options for unlocking and usinguser interface switch or system 2200 and its operation. FIGS. 22B-22Eprovide views of potential structures for such input systems (withExample 4 from FIG. 22A particularly illustrated). In FIG. 22A, Example1, the button is a capacitive type button (e.g., detecting a user'sfinger touch by capacitive coupling of structures as is known and usedin relevant arts). This example user interface switch or system 2200 isunlocked by a swipe action of the button, and changes in pressure alsoare input by a swipe action (e.g., swipe right (toward 506B in FIG. 22B)to decrease pressure by a predetermined amount or step, swipe left(toward 506A in FIG. 22B) to increase pressure by a predetermined amountor step). A single swipe could be used to both unlock the user interfaceswitch or system 2200 and introduce pressure change input. For example,the initial “touch” and beginning of the swipe could unlock (and ifneeded, wake up) the user interface switch or system 2200, and thecontinuing swiping action (left or right) could provide the pressurechange input. Additionally or alternatively, two swipes may be used orrequired, e.g., the first to unlock and/or wake up the user interfaceswitch or system 2200 and the second to provide the pressure changeinput.

In FIG. 22A, Example 2, the button is a capacitive type button (e.g.,including a capacitive sense electrode of structure known and used inart relevant arts). This example user interface switch or system 2200 isunlocked by a swipe action of the button, and changes in pressure areinput by a touch action on either side of the center (e.g., touch theright side 506B to decrease pressure by a predetermined amount, touchthe left side 506A left to increase pressure by a predetermined amount).

In FIG. 22A, each of Examples 3 and 4 illustrates structure for twopotential input options. As one option in each of Examples 3 and 4 (thetop options shown in the table), the buttons 2200A, 2200B may bephysical buttons (also called “tactile buttons” herein) that require twophysical presses—one press to unlock the user interface switch or system2200 and another press to enter the desired pressure increase orpressure decrease information. As another option (the bottom options ofExamples 3 and 4 shown in the Table), the buttons 2200A, 2200B may be acombination of a capacitive touch button (used to unlock the userinterface switch or system 2200) and a tactile button (used to changepressure setting). In these bottom options of Examples 3 and 4, thesystems operate by (a) an initial “touch” action to unlock and/or wakeup the user interface switch or system 2200 and then (b) a button pressaction (at buttons 2200A, 2200B) to change pressure settings. Onedifference between the buttons of FIG. 22A Examples 3 and 4 relates tothe locations of the buttons 2200A, 2200B with respect to the “keep-out”zone. In Example 3, the buttons 2200A, 2200B are adjacent one another onthe same side of the button and the same side of the keep-out zone. InExample 4, the buttons 2200A, 2200B are separated from one another bythe keep-out zone and are on different ends of the button. Buttonshaving a “button press” or “press” label in FIG. 22A may constitutephysical switch type button activators.

The tactile buttons (e.g., of structure known and used in the relevantart) may have an outer surface providing a distinct tactile feel. As oneexample, the exposed pressing surface of one button (e.g., pressureincrease button 2200A) may have a convex outer surface and the exposedpressing surface of the other button (e.g., pressure decrease button2200B) may have a concave surface. As another option, as shown in FIG.6, one side of the button 506 may be marked with a recessed or raised“plus” sign (“+”) and the other side may be marked with a recessed orraised “minus” sign (“−”) to provide the distinct tactile feel. In thismanner, the user can more easily locate and interact with the correctbutton, even while wearing the shoes, to make desired pressure changes.

FIGS. 22B-22E provide various views of an example button constructionfor the “touch/press” option of Example 4 of FIG. 22A. FIG. 22B showsflex areas 2202A, 2202B corresponding to the physical tactile buttonlocations 2200A, 2200B overmolded by a rubber or other polymer (e.g.,silicone or other elastomer) composition (or formed in a two-shotmolding process). Grooves 2204A and 2204B extending partially throughthe overmold material 2210 around the button actuator area create athinner layer of rubber or other material (e.g., elastomer) to betterenable flexion when buttons 2200A, 2200B are pushed. These grooves2204A, 2204B also may provide the tactile feel features described above.Flex areas 2202A, 2202B may include a base portion having elastomerovermold material of a first thickness (e.g., 2 mm to 10 mm thick) andthe grooves 2204A, 2204B may have a second thickness (e.g., 0.5 mm to 3mm thick) that is less than the first thickness. The first thickness ofthe overmold material at the base portion may be from 1.5 to 20 timesthicker than the second thickness of overmold material in the grooves2204A, 2204B.

In this example, when buttons 2200A, 2200B are pressed, the overmoldmaterial in the grooves 2204A, 2204B stretches somewhat under theapplied force. As force from the button push is reduced or removed, thestretched material in grooves 2204A, 2204B returns toward itsunstretched configuration, providing return energy. This return energymay provide an interesting tactile feel on the user's finger, somewhatof a “bouncy” or “trampoline” effect. The overmold material 2210 alsocloses the button area to help prevent water, debris, or otherundesirable material from entering the interior of housing 502. The flexareas 2202A, 2202B may be formed as part of the cap 506 placed over thehousing 750 of the fluid distributor 500 and/or as the top surface ofthe housing 750 of the fluid distributor 500. If desired, however,grooves 2204A and/or 2204B in the flex areas 2202A and/or 2202B may bereplaced by through holes. If necessary or desired, in such systems,other sealing components (e.g., elastomer gaskets, O-rings, etc., seeFIG. 22E) may be provided to seal off the button openings and/or providethe bouncy” or “trampoline” effect (if desired).

The grooves 2204A and 2204B in FIG. 22B may have any desired shape(s)without departing from this technology. They may be located adjacent thebutton actuator areas (e.g., above and/or around the hardware needed toactivate the button). In the illustrated example of FIG. 22B, thegrooves 2204A and 2204B are generally U-shaped, having their free oropen ends facing one another. The free or open ends could face in otherdirection(s) as well, including away from one other, toward the othersurfaces of the button, etc. In other examples, the grooves 2204A and/or2204B may form closed paths around the button actuator area.

FIG. 23 provides an electrical block diagram 2300 of components in someexample fluid distributors 500, fluid flow control systems, solestructures 104, and/or articles of footwear 100 in accordance withaspects of this technology. While FIG. 23 illustrates several componentsand systems incorporated into fluid distributors 500, fluid flow controlsystems, sole structures 104, and/or articles of footwear 100 inaccordance with aspects of this technology, any desired subset orcombination of these components and systems may be used in some examplesof this technology. More of these components and systems identified inFIG. 23 will be described in more detail below.

FIG. 24 illustrates an example layout of various components within ahousing 502 (and/or on a circuit board) of a fluid distributor 500 inaccordance with at least some examples of this technology. FIG. 24 showsvarious lights 506L arranged around the exterior perimeter of thehousing 502, as mentioned above. A light driver 2410 (“LED driver”) isprovided to control operation of the lights 506L, which may constitute a12 RGB LED ring of lights (e.g., under programmed/programmable control).FIG. 24 further shows that this system may include an antenna 2402(e.g., a Bluetooth Low Energy (“BLE”) antenna) for receiving wirelessinput (such as from a computing device, mobile computing device (e.g., a“smart phone”)); for receiving electronic information from the othershoe of a pair; for receiving electronic information from apparel and/oranother source; for receiving electronic information from other sensors(e.g., on-board shoe sensor(s), apparel based sensors, sensors includedas a speed and/or distance monitor in an external computing device,etc.); etc. A microcontroller 2404 (“MCU”) is provided to run thesoftware and hardware needed to perform the functions described aboveand those described in more detail below (and optionally any otherfunctions and/or hardware that may be provided). One or more inertialmeasurement units (“IMU's”) 2406 also may be provided, such asaccelerometers (“ACC”), magnetometers (“MAG”), etc., to detect usermotion in the article of footwear 100. Data from such inertialmeasurement units or other available sensors may be used toautomatically control and/or change pressure settings in the footsupport bladder 200 and/or fluid container 400 in one or both shoes. Amotor driver 2408 is present in this illustrated example, e.g., tocontrol operation of any motor(s) in the fluid distributor 500 (e.g., aswill be described in more detail below). The seemingly “open space”within the housing 502 may be filled, at least in part, with some or allof a manifold 800 and fluid transfer system 900, the rechargeablebattery, and/or other desired components.

FIG. 25 illustrates several potential avenues of communication between acentral controller 2500 and the shoes of a pair (e.g., being worn by auser). These communications may take place via hardware, systems,communication protocols, and the like, as are conventionally known andused in the relevant art. While both shoes of a pair may include all ofthe hardware and software needed to provide the desired functions (e.g.,as described above and/or as described in more detail below), in someexamples of this technology, one shoe of a pair may include all of thedesired hardware and software (“connected as central” shoe 2502 in FIG.25), and that shoe 2502 may communicate with the other shoe (“connectedas peripheral” shoe 2504 in FIG. 25), e.g., in a wireless manner, via anantenna 2402. In this manner, the overall hardware costs may be reducedfor a pair of shoes by providing less hardware on one shoe. The centralcontroller 2500 may be included as part of one shoe (e.g., withinhousing 502 of fluid distributor 500 for that shoe), and it maycommunicate with that shoe via a wired or wireless connection. The shoeincluding the central controller 2500, in turn, may communicate with theother shoe, e.g., via a wireless connection as mentioned above.Additionally or alternatively, if desired, the central controller 2500may be provided as part of a computing device, e.g., a mobile computingdevice, such as an application program operating on a smartphone. Inthis manner, pressure change information may be provided via an externalcomputing device (e.g., the smartphone) and transmitted to one or bothshoes, e.g., via antenna 2402 in housing 502.

FIG. 25 further illustrates how the various components operate to gointo and out of an “asleep” mode 2506. The component(s) may go into an“asleep” mode 2506, for example, when no “foot presence sensor” or “FPS”data is received for a predetermined time period for one or both shoes,when the connection is lost from one or both shoes, after a timeoutperiod (e.g., with no foot pressure sensing), etc. Foot presence withina shoe 2502, 2504 may be sensed in any desired manner, such as bycapacitance sensors, force/pressure sensors, switch type sensors, etc.The components may “awake” from “asleep” mode, e.g., when foot pressureis sensed in at least one shoe 100, when user interaction with an inputdevice (e.g., input buttons 506A, 506B, an application program on amobile computing device, etc.) is received, etc. Once awakened, thecentral controller 2500 may be activated to “advertise” an availablewireless connection to engage with at least shoe 2502. The centralcontroller 2500 also may inform the central shoe 2502 that theperipheral shoe 2504 is available and facilitate connection (andoptionally act as a connection intermediary) between the central shoe2502 and the peripheral shoe 2504. Other component interaction andcommunication states are shown in FIG. 25, e.g., to show when and howthe various components may attempt to connect to one another, attempt tomaintain connections with one another, and/or attempt to reconnect toone another.

In the arrangement shown in FIG. 25, the shoes 2502, 2504 cancommunicate directly with one another. Further, in some connectionprotocols, when in direct communication: (a) either shoe 2502, 2504 iscapable as functioning as the “central” communication point (providinginput and information to the other shoe) and/or the controller 2500 and(b) either shoe 2502, 2504 is capable as functioning as the “peripheral”communication point (receiving input and information from the other shoeand/or controller 2500). For a given pair of shoes, the same shoe neednot always be the central shoe and/or controller 2500 and the same shoeneed not always be the peripheral shoe. Further, in some arrangementslike those shown in FIG. 25, when communication between the shoes 2502,2504 and an external computing device occurs, such as via wirelesscommunication connection with a mobile telephone, smartphone, etc., bothshoes 2502, 2504 become peripheral devices and the external computingdevice becomes the central device. The external computing device mayinclude a user input system, e.g., to receive user input via anapplication program, and transmit this input (e.g., pressure changeinput) to the relevant shoe or shoes 2502, 2504.

In addition, if desired, either shoe 2502, 2504 and/or an externalcommunication device in communication with the shoes 2502, 2504 mayreceive data and/or information from and/or transmit data and/orinformation to one or more electronic devices integrated into apparel2510 (e.g., motorized fluid containing sports bra (e.g., in which fluidpressure changes alter the support provided, e.g., by a fluid-tightbladder incorporated into the sports bra), motorized fluid containingcompression sleeves (e.g., a hollow tubular sleeve comprising afluid-tight bladder in which fluid pressure in the fluid-tight bladderof the sleeve alters the level of compression provided), apparel havingfluid transfer systems (e.g., with fluid-tight bladders) of the typesdescribed herein incorporated into them, motorized shoe lacingcomponents, etc.). Thus, either shoe 2502, 2504 and/or an externalcommunication device in communication with the shoes 2502, 2504 canreceive communications from and/or send communications to othercomponents, such as motorized and/or adaptive lacing and support systemsin/on the shoe or in/on apparel (e.g., a sports bra, compression sleeve,and the like). When in communication with other such systems provided inapparel 2510, the apparel 2510 may function as the central communicationpoint with both shoes 2502, 2504 as peripherals, or either shoe 2502,2504 may function as the central communication point with the apparel2510 and other shoe functioning as peripherals. In such systems,however, if an external computing device comes into the communicationloop, that device may serve as the central device and both shoes 2502and any devices included in the apparel 2510 may function as peripheraldevices. Further the wireless connection(s) with shoes 2502, 2504 mayallow connections to any one or more of automatic and/or motorized shoesecuring mechanisms, such as motorized laces, or the like. The apparel2510 may include any part of or all of the electronics, communicationscapabilities, and/or fluid transfer capabilities as described herein forsimilar components in footwear.

Various examples of structures and operations of fluid transfer systems900 are described in more detail in the sections that follow. Someaspects of fluid transfer systems 900 in accordance with this technologyrelate to valve stems within a valve housing to open and close variousfluid pathways through a manifold 800. Other aspects of fluid transfersystems 900 in accordance with this technology relate to solenoid basedsystems that selectively open and close to control fluid flow through amanifold 800.

B. Valve Stem Based Fluid Transfer System Features

FIGS. 26A-26D provide various views of an example fluid distributor 500including a movable valve stem type fluid transfer system 900A inaccordance with aspects of this technology. As described above, thisexample fluid distributor 500 includes a housing 502 in which a manifold800 and fluid transfer system 900A are housed as well as a connector 700that engages the components within housing 502 with a fluid source(e.g., the external environment, pump(s) 600H, 600F, a compressor,etc.), the external environment 150, at least one foot support bladder200, and at least one fluid container 400. FIGS. 26A-26D further showthe locations of fluid transfer system 900A and a rechargeable battery2602 for powering the various electrical or electronic components.

FIGS. 27A-29 provide additional details regarding components of theexample manifold 800 and fluid transfer system 900A in accordance withsome aspects of this technology. The manifold 800 of this exampleincludes a manifold body or housing 820. Referring also to FIGS. 5A-5F,one surface 822A or side of manifold body 820 includes ports 800A, 800B,800C, 800D having fluid communicating connections with correspondingports 704O, 706, 712, 718, respectively, of connector 700. The oppositesurface 822B of manifold body 820 (although it could be another surface)includes inlet port 800I, first manifold port 804, second manifold port808, and third manifold port 814. A fluid inlet path 802 extends betweenport 800A and fluid inlet port 800I, a first fluid flow path 806 extendsbetween port 800B and first manifold port 804, a second fluid flow path810 extends between port 800C and second manifold port 808, and a thirdfluid flow path 812 extends between port 800D and third manifold port814. Thus, in this illustrated example, manifold 800 includes fourseparate fluid pathways extending through it. The manifold 800 of thisexample further includes at least one pressure sensor (two pressuresensors 850A, 850B shown in FIGS. 27A-28). The pressure sensor(s) 850A,850B may be positioned for determining fluid pressure in at least one ofthe first fluid flow path 806, the second fluid flow path 810, or thethird fluid flow path 812. In some more specific examples, a firstpressure sensor 850A may be provided to determine fluid pressure in thethird fluid flow path 812 (and thus in fluid container 400), and asecond pressure sensor 850B may be provided for determining fluidpressure in at least one of the first fluid flow path 806 or the secondfluid flow path 810 (e.g., the pressure in foot support bladder 200).O-rings 852 (or gaskets and/or other appropriate sealing devices) may beprovided to sealingly engage the pressure sensor(s) 850A, 850B with themanifold body 820.

The fluid transfer system 900A of this illustrated example includes avalve housing 902 and a valve stem 910 movably (e.g., rotatably,slidingly, etc.) mounted in the valve housing 902. The valve stem 910 ofthis example includes a first end 910A (e.g., a driven end) and a secondend 910B opposite the first end 910A (e.g., a free end). A perimeterwall 910W extends between the first end 910A and the second end 910B.The first end 910A, the second end 910B, and the perimeter wall 910Wdefine an internal chamber 901I of the valve stem 910. Also, theperimeter wall 910W of the valve stem 910 includes a plurality ofthrough holes 910H extending from the internal chamber 901I to anexterior surface of the perimeter wall 910W and valve stem 910. As willbe described in more detail below (e.g., in conjunction with FIGS.30A-30G), movement of the valve stem 910 to a plurality of positionsselectively places this fluid flow control system (e.g., fluiddistributor 500, fluid transfer system 900A, the combined manifold 800and fluid transfer system 900A, etc.) in a plurality of operationalstates by placing one or more of the plurality of through holes 900H influid communication with the first fluid flow path 806, the second fluidflow path 810, and/or the third fluid flow path 812.

FIGS. 27A-29 further illustrate that this example fluid transfer system900A includes a drive system (e.g., a motor 920) and a transmission 922(including output gear, nose pin, cup seal, and other gears, describedin more detail below). The transmission 922 components transfer powerfrom the motor 920 to the first end 910A of the valve stem 910 to move(rotate in this example) the valve stem 910 with respect to the valvehousing 902 (and manifold 800). A power source (e.g., from rechargeablebattery 2602) and a microcontroller, e.g., provided with the fluiddistributor 500 and not shown in FIGS. 27A-29, selectively drive themotor 920 to position the valve stem 910 in one of the plurality ofpositions to enable movement of the fluid from the desired startingpoints to the desired locations.

The fluid transfer system 900A of this example additionally includes anencoder system (e.g., an on-axis magnetic encoder system, an off-axismagnetic encoder system, etc.), including an encoder magnet 932 and anencoder board 934, for detecting the position (e.g., rotationalposition) of the valve stem 910 with respect the housing 902 and/orother component parts. The encoder system provides data indicating thisposition to the microcontroller. Such encoder systems are commerciallyavailable and their operation are known in the relevant arts.

In this example fluid transfer system 900A, the valve housing 902 isengaged with the manifold body 820 in a sealed manner. While thissealing can be accomplished in a variety of ways, in this illustratedexample, one or more sealing connectors 840 are provided between theperimeter wall 910W of the valve stem 910 and one or more of fluid inletport 800I, first manifold port 804, second manifold port 808, and/orthird manifold port 814. Sealing connector 840 extends into recess 902Ron one side of valve housing 902. In this illustrated example, a singlesealing connector 840 or seal block includes three sealing ports 840A,840B, 840C. Three sealed channels 842A, 842B, 842C through the sealingconnector 840 connect with first manifold port 804, second manifold port808, and third manifold port 814, respectively. In this manner, sealedchannels 842A, 842B, 842C are in fluid communication with first fluidflow path 806, second fluid flow path 810, and third fluid flow path812, respectively, of the manifold body 820. Additionally oralternatively, if desired, another sealing port and another sealedchannel may be provided in sealing connector 840 to connect the manifold800 fluid inlet port 800I with the valve housing 902. In the specificexample of FIG. 29, however, the fluid inlet path 802 from manifold port800A to fluid inlet port 800I connects directly with valve housing 902,and a fluid intake path 902A extends through valve housing 902 to admitincoming fluid into the internal chamber 901I of valve stem 910 throughthe open second end 910B thereof. See fluid pathway 902P shown in dashedline in FIG. 29.

As further shown in FIG. 29, the first manifold port 804, the secondmanifold port 808, and the third manifold port 814 align along anexterior side of the manifold 800. Additionally or alternatively, ifdesired, manifold ports 800A, 800B, 800C, 800D align along an exteriorside of the manifold 800 (and in this illustrated example, on theopposite side of the manifold 800 from ports 804, 808, 814). Any two ormore of the fluid flow paths 802, 806, 810, and 812 may align and/orextend in parallel through the manifold body 820. Additionally oralternatively, any two or more of the sealed channels 842A, 842B, 842Cof sealing connector 840 may align and/or extend in parallel through thesealing connector 840 body.

The valve stem 910 may place the fluid transfer system 900A in two ormore operational states depending on the position of the valve stem 910with respect to the housing body 902. Movement of the valve stem 910changes positioning of the through holes 910H through the perimeter wall910W of the valve stem 910 and allows different holes 910H to align withthe sealing connector 840 ports 840A, 840B, 840C. The valve stem 910 maybe moved, e.g., rotated, under control of a microprocessor controlling amotor 920. FIGS. 30A-30G provide additional details about variousoperational states that may be provided and used in fluid distributor500, foot support systems, sole structures 104, and articles of footwear100 including fluid transfer system 900A in accordance with aspects ofthis technology. This discussion, as shown in FIG. 29, assumes: (a)manifold port 800A is in fluid communication with a fluid source, suchas pump(s) 600H, 600F (e.g., via connector ports 702I and 704O and thecomponents connecting them or other appropriate fluid lines) to bringfluid into the fluid transfer system 900A; (b) manifold port 800B is influid communication with the external environment 150 (e.g., viaconnector port 706 and fluid path 708 and/or other appropriate fluidlines) to exhaust any excess fluid in the fluid transfer system 900A tothe external environment 150; (c) manifold port 800C is in fluidcommunication with a foot support bladder 200 (e.g., via connector ports712 and 720 and fluid line 714 and/or other components connecting them)to increase or decrease fluid pressure in the foot support bladder 200;and (d) manifold port 800D is in fluid communication with a fluidcontainer 400 (e.g., via connector ports 718 and 722 and fluid line 716and/or other components connecting them) to increase or decrease fluidpressure in the fluid container 400. Note also the connections anddiscussion of operational states shown and discussed in connection withFIGS. 5A-5F.

As described above, in this example fluid distributor 500, the valvestem 910 is rotated to different positions to place the fluiddistributor 500, foot support system, sole structure 104, and/or articleof footwear 100 in different operational states. While any number ofoperational states may be provided, in this illustrated example, valvestem 910 may be rotated to six distinct operational states as shown inFIGS. 30A-30G. FIG. 30A schematically illustrates various positions ofvalve stem 910 as it is rotated clockwise (e.g., from operational state1 to operational state 6) or counter-clockwise (e.g., from operationalstate 6 to operational state 1). In some pressure control methods inaccordance with aspects of this technology, the “standby” state may bethe typical state during most times (when no pressure changes occur).The valve stem 910 rotates the proper amount to go into the desiredoperational state (e.g., operational states 2-6), waits for the pressureto reach the desired level (as measured by pressure sensor(s) 850A,850B), and then rotates back to the standby state.

Operational state 1 of this example is the “standby” or “idle” state inwhich fluid pumped with each step simply passes through the system,e.g., from pump(s) 600H, 600F, through manifold 800, through fluidtransfer system 900A, back through manifold 800, and to the externalenvironment 150. See FIG. 30B. Operational state 1 prevents any part ofthe overall foot support system from becoming over pressurized, e.g.,when a foot-activated pump is used and activated in each step to movefluid.

Operational state 2 (e.g., with the valve stem 910 rotated 60 degreesclockwise from operational state 1) is a “pumping” state for movingfluid from the pump(s) (or other fluid source) to the foot supportbladder 200. In operational state 2, fluid pumped during a step passesthrough the system (e.g., from pump(s) 600H, 600F, through manifold 800,through fluid transfer system 900A, back through manifold 800) and intothe foot support bladder 200. See FIG. 30C. This operational state maybe used to quickly and/or directly increase fluid pressure in the footsupport bladder 200 (e.g., a foot support bladder 200 “inflate”configuration).

Operational state 3 (e.g., with the valve stem 910 rotated 60 degreesclockwise from operational state 2) is a “live” state for moving fluidfrom the foot support bladder 200 to the external environment 150. Inoperational state 3, fluid passes through the system (e.g., from footsupport bladder 200, through manifold 800, through fluid transfer system900A, back through manifold 800) and to external environment 150. SeeFIG. 30D. This operational state may be used to release fluid anddecrease fluid pressure in the foot support bladder 200 (e.g., a footsupport bladder 200 “deflate” configuration).

Operational state 4 (e.g., with the valve stem 910 rotated 60 degreesclockwise from operational state 3) also is a “live” state for movingfluid from the fluid container 400 to the external environment 150. Inoperational state 4, fluid passes through the system (e.g., from fluidcontainer 400, through manifold 800, through fluid transfer system 900A,back through manifold 800) and to external environment 150. See FIG.30E. This operational state may be used to release fluid and decreasefluid pressure in the fluid container 400 (e.g., a fluid container 400“deflate” configuration).

Operational state 5 (e.g., with the valve stem 910 rotated 60 degreesclockwise from operational state 4) also is a “live” state for movingfluid from the fluid container 400 to the foot support bladder 200. Inoperational state 5, fluid passes through the system (e.g., from fluidcontainer 400, through manifold 800, through fluid transfer system 900A,back through manifold 800) and to the foot support bladder 200. See FIG.30F. This operational state may be used to increase fluid pressure inthe foot support bladder 200 by moving fluid from the fluid container400 into the foot support bladder 200 (e.g., a foot support bladder 200“inflate” configuration). This operational state allows fluid pressurechanges in the foot support bladder 200 without the need for the user totake one or more steps to activate a pump 600H, 600F (e.g., while theuser is standing or sitting still and/or off his/her feet). Thisoperational state also may allow for more controlled and fine-tunedpressure changes in the foot support bladder 200, e.g., because largepressure spikes resulting from the wearer landing a step or jump areclosed off from direct fluid communication with the foot support bladder200 in this operational state (e.g., because the fluid line 606 from thefoot-activated pump(s) 600H, 600F is closed).

Operational state 6 (e.g., with the valve stem 910 rotated 60 degreesclockwise from operational state 5) is a “pumping” state from thepump(s) (or other fluid source) to the fluid container 400. Inoperational state 6, fluid passes through the system (e.g., from pump(s)600H, 600F, through manifold 800, through fluid transfer system 900A,back through manifold 800) and into the fluid container 400. See FIG.30G. This operational state may be used to quickly and/or directlyincrease fluid pressure in the fluid container 400 (e.g., a fluidcontainer 400 “inflate” configuration).

Some pressure sensing algorithms and methods in accordance with aspectsof this technology may rely on sensor input in addition to pressuresensing in the foot support bladder 200 and/or fluid container 400 todetermine the operational state to use. For example, data from anaccelerometer, foot force sensor, and/or speed and/or distance monitormay be used to determine whether a pressure increase in the foot supportbladder 200 should be accomplished by operational state 2 (with fluidtransferred from a foot activated pump system 600H, 600F) or byoperational state 5 (with fluid transferred from the fluid container400). For example, if the user is moving relatively slowly, transfer viaoperational state 2 may be desirable, particularly if the fluidcontainer 400 is at a relatively low pressure. But if the user is movingfast and/or applying high contact forces on the foot pumps 600H, 600F,operational state 5 may be preferred (e.g., to produce more even fluidflow without pressure spikes due to contact of the sole with theground). Additionally or alternatively, accelerometer, foot forcesensor, and/or speed and/or distance monitor data may be used toautomatically change operational states, e.g., to increase or decreasefoot support pressure in the foot support bladder depending on movementspeed, contact force, etc. Still additionally or alternatively, in atleast some examples of systems and methods in accordance with thistechnology, the system can start to “learn” (e.g., identify patterns)how a user moves (e.g., tends to run or exercise at certain time(s) ofthe day, tends to run on specific types of surfaces, tends to run atvarying speeds (e.g., based on a workout program), etc.) and, based onthis information, predict and apply changes in operational states tomatch predicted changes in motion. In this manner, pressure changes tothe foot support system may better align to changes in the user's motionin “real time” or seemingly real time. Alternatively, when linked to adigital coaching system, automatic (or system generated) operationalstate changes can be aligned to desired changes in movement receivedfrom the digital coaching system to match desired performance or tomitigate injury risk, thereby also being a communication system to theuser.

Additionally or alternatively, if desired, systems and methods inaccordance with at least some aspects of this technology may determineand/or use various step metrics, including step-by-step metrics relatingto various features of user contact force with the ground and/or usermotion (e.g., metrics relating to the user's running or other motiontechnique(s)). Such metrics may include one or more of: (a) contact timeper foot per step (e.g., using a foot force signal, such as the timeperiod when vertical force applied by the foot is greater than 50N); (b)swing time period per foot per step (e.g., using a foot force signal,such as the time per foot when vertical force applied by the foot isless than 50N until that foot again creates a force greater than 50N);(c) step cadence (e.g., using a foot force signal, such as the inverseof the sum of the contact and swing time for each foot); (d) step length(e.g., using a foot force signal, such as the sum of contact and swingtime x average speed); (e) impact (e.g., using a foot force signal, suchas the peak rate of rise of the vertical ground reaction force, theactive peak of the vertical ground reaction force, etc.); (f) impulseper foot per step (e.g., using a foot force signal, such as the integralof the ground reaction force magnitude during contact); and (g) contacttype per foot per step (e.g., using motion capture data, such as footangle relative to horizontal at the time of foot contact per step,rearfoot contact angle, midfoot contact ankle, forefoot contact angle,etc.).

A fluid distributor 500, foot support system, sole structure 104, and/orarticle of footwear 100 may have (or may be placed in) any one or moreof (and any combination of) these operational states. Some specificexamples of this technology may include all six operational states.Alternatively, some specific examples of this technology may includeoperational states 1, 3, 5, and 6 or 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (and any desiredpressure increases in the foot support bladder 200 are accomplishedusing fluid supplied from the fluid container 400). If necessary ordesired, fluid distributors 500, foot support systems, sole structures104, and/or articles of footwear in accordance with some examples ofthis technology may include a relief valve in fluid communication withthe foot support bladder 200 and/or the fluid container 400 (optionallyin place of operational states 3 and/or 4, respectively), e.g., toprevent over-pressurization of these components.

More details of fluid flow through the fluid distributor 500 includingfluid transfer system 900A now will be described in conjunction withFIGS. 5A-5F, 29, and 30B-30G. In operational state 1 shown in FIGS. 5A,29, and 30B, at this first rotational position of the valve stem 910,fluid moves: (a) from the fluid supply (e.g. from external environment150, through connector inlet 702I, through fluid path 702P, throughconnector outlet 702O, through fluid path 604, through heel pump 600H,through fluid path 602, through forefoot pump 600F, through fluid line606), (b) through the connector inlet port 704, (c) through connectorfluid path 704P, (d) through connector outlet port 704O, (e) throughmanifold port 800A, (f) through manifold fluid inlet path 802, (g)through manifold fluid inlet port 800I, (h) through fluid intake path902A, (i) into the open end 910B of valve stem 910, (j) through theinternal chamber 901I, (k) through a first through hole 940A, (l)through sealing port 840A, (m) through first sealed channel 842A, (n)through first manifold port 804, (o) through first manifold fluid flowpath 806, (p) through manifold port 800B, (q) through first fluid pathconnector port 706, (r) through first connector fluid path 708, and (s)to the external environment 150 (e.g., through the interior space 710 ofconnector 700). If a specific fluid distributor 500, foot supportsystem, sole structure 104, and/or article of footwear 100 does notinclude all of these parts (e.g., no separate connector 700, no sealingblock 840, one or fewer foot activated pumps 600H, 600F, etc.), then thefluid flow through those parts would not be present in the fluid flowpath described above.

In operational state 2 shown in FIGS. 5B, 29, and 30C, at this secondrotational position of the valve stem 910, fluid moves: (a) from thefluid supply (e.g. from external environment 150, through connectorinlet 702I, through fluid path 702P, through connector outlet 702O,through fluid path 604, through heel pump 600H, through fluid path 602,through forefoot pump 600F, through fluid line 606), (b) through theconnector inlet port 704, (c) through connector fluid path 704P, (d)through connector outlet port 704O, (e) through manifold port 800A, (f)through manifold fluid inlet path 802, (g) through manifold fluid inletport 800I, (h) through fluid intake path 902A, (i) into the open end910B of valve stem 910, (j) through the internal chamber 901I, (k)through a second through hole 940B, (l) through sealing port 840B, (m)through second sealed channel 842B, (n) through second manifold port808, (o) through second manifold fluid flow path 810, (p) throughmanifold port 800C, (q) through second fluid path connector port 712,(r) through second connector fluid path 714, (s) through connector port720, (t) through bladder fluid line 202, and (u) into the foot supportbladder 200. If a specific fluid distributor 500, foot support system,sole structure 104, and/or article of footwear 100 does not include allof these parts (e.g., no separate connector 700, no sealing block 840,one or fewer foot activated pumps 600H, 600F, etc.), then the fluid flowthrough those parts would not be present in the fluid flow pathdescribed above.

In operational state 3 shown in FIGS. 5C, 29, and 30D, at this thirdrotational position of the valve stem 910, fluid moves: (a) from footsupport bladder 200, (b) through bladder fluid line 202, (c) throughconnector port 720, (d) through second connector fluid path 714, (e)through second fluid path connector port 712, (f) through manifold port800C, (g) through second manifold fluid flow path 810, (h) throughsecond manifold port 808, (i) through second sealed channel 842B, (j)through sealing port 840B, (k) through a third through hole 940C, (l)through the internal chamber 901I, (m) through a fourth through hole940D, (n) through sealing port 840A, (o) through first sealed channel842A, (p) through first manifold port 804, (q) through first manifoldfluid flow path 806, (r) through manifold port 800B, (s) through firstfluid path connector port 706, (t) through first connector fluid path708, and (u) to the external environment 150 (e.g., through the interiorspace 710 of connector 700). If necessary or desired, a one-way valvesomewhere in the fluid pathway from the fluid supply (e.g., in fluidline 606) may prevent fluid from flowing out of the second end 910B ofvalve stem 910 and into channel 902A, through fluid inlet 800I, and/orthrough fluid inlet path 802. If a specific fluid distributor 500, footsupport system, sole structure 104, and/or article of footwear 100 doesnot include all of the parts identified above (e.g., no separateconnector 700, no sealing block 840, one or fewer foot activated pumps600H, 600F, etc.), then the fluid flow through those parts would not bepresent in the fluid flow path described above.

In operational state 4 shown in FIGS. 5D, 29, and 30E, at this fourthrotational position of the valve stem 910, fluid moves: (a) from fluidcontainer 400, (b) through container fluid line 402, (c) throughconnector port 722, (d) through third connector fluid path 716, (e)through third fluid path connector port 718, (f) through manifold port800D, (g) through third manifold fluid flow path 812, (h) through thirdmanifold port 814, (i) through third sealed channel 842C, (j) throughsealing port 840C, (k) through a fifth through hole 940E, (l) throughthe internal chamber 901I, (m) through a sixth through hole 940F, (n)through sealing port 840A, (o) through first sealed channel 842A, (p)through first manifold port 804, (q) through first manifold fluid flowpath 806, (r) through manifold port 800B, (s) through first fluid pathconnector port 706, (t) through first connector fluid path 708, and (u)to the external environment 150 (e.g., through the interior space 710 ofconnector 700). If necessary or desired, a one-way valve somewhere inthe fluid pathway from the fluid supply (e.g., in fluid line 606) mayprevent fluid from flowing out of the second end 910B of valve stem 910and into channel 902A, through fluid inlet 800I, and/or through fluidinlet path 802. If a specific fluid distributor 500, foot supportsystem, sole structure 104, and/or article of footwear 100 does notinclude all of the parts identified above (e.g., no separate connector700, no sealing block 840, one or fewer foot activated pumps 600H, 600F,etc.), then the fluid flow through those parts would not be present inthe fluid flow path described above.

In operational state 5 shown in FIGS. 5E, 29, and 30F, at this fifthrotational position of the valve stem 910, fluid moves: (a) from fluidcontainer 400, (b) through container fluid line 402, (c) throughconnector port 722, (d) through third connector fluid path 716, (e)through third fluid path connector port 718, (f) through manifold port800D, (g) through third manifold fluid flow path 812, (h) through thirdmanifold port 814, (i) through third sealed channel 842C, (j) throughsealing port 840C, (k) through a seventh through hole 940G, (l) throughthe internal chamber 901I, (m) through an eighth through hole 940H, (n)through sealing port 840B, (o) through second sealed channel 842B, (p)through second manifold port 808, (q) through second manifold fluid flowpath 810, (r) through manifold port 800C, (s) through second fluid pathconnector port 712, (t) through second connector fluid path 714, (u)through connector port 720, (v) through bladder fluid line 202, and (w)into the foot support bladder 200. If necessary or desired, a one-wayvalve somewhere in the fluid pathway from the fluid supply (e.g., influid line 606) may prevent fluid from flowing out of the second end910B of valve stem 910 and into channel 902A, through fluid inlet 800I,and/or through fluid inlet path 802. If a specific fluid distributor500, foot support system, sole structure 104, and/or article of footwear100 does not include all of the parts identified above (e.g., noseparate connector 700, no sealing block 840, one or fewer footactivated pumps 600H, 600F, etc.), then the fluid flow through thoseparts would not be present in the fluid flow path described above.

In operational state 6 shown in FIGS. 5E, 29, and 30G, at this sixthrotational position of the valve stem 910, fluid moves: (a) from thefluid supply (e.g. from external environment 150, through connectorinlet 702I, through fluid path 702P, through connector outlet 702O,through fluid path 604, through heel pump 600H, through fluid path 602,through forefoot pump 600F, through fluid line 606), (b) through theconnector inlet port 704, (c) through connector fluid path 704P, (d)through connector outlet port 704O, (e) through manifold port 800A, (f)through manifold fluid inlet path 802, (g) through manifold fluid inletport 800I, (h) through fluid intake path 902A, (i) into the open end910B of valve stem 910, (j) through the internal chamber 901I, (k)through a ninth through hole 9401, (l) through sealing port 840C, (m)through third sealed channel 842C, (n) through third manifold port 814,(o) through third manifold fluid flow path 812, (p) through manifoldport 800D, (q) through third fluid path connector port 718, (r) throughthird connector fluid path 716, (s) through connector port 722, (t)through container fluid line 402, and (u) into fluid container 400. If aspecific fluid distributor 500, foot support system, sole structure 104,and/or article of footwear 100 does not include all of these parts(e.g., no separate connector 700, no sealing block 840, one or fewerfoot activated pumps 600H, 600F, etc.), then the fluid flow throughthose parts would not be present in the fluid flow path described above.

Thus, as described above, the valve stem 910 includes a plurality ofthrough holes 910H (and 940A to 9401) defined through its perimeter wall910W. As evident from FIGS. 30B-30G, rotation of valve stem 910 alignsvarious specific holes 910H with ports 840A, 840B, 840C in the sealingconnector 840 (and/or with ports 804, 808, 814 in manifold 800, if aseparate sealing connector 840 is omitted and/or if the manifold 800itself functions as a sealing connector). The holes 910H that align withthe ports 840A, 840B, 840C, 804, 808, 814 in the individual operationalstates of the valve stem 910 are circumferentially offset from oneanother so that only the one or more holes needed to make the desiredfluid flow connection and pathway align with the correct ports. Foroperational states that rely on two (or more) through holes 910 throughthe perimeter wall 910W (e.g., operational states 3, 4, and 5 above),the through holes needed to make the fluid flow connection may: (a)align along the axial length and direction of the valve stem 910, and/or(b) extend in parallel through the perimeter wall 910W.

Fluid flow rates into and/or out of the fluid transfer system 900A maybe controlled in various ways. For example, when the perimeter of athrough hole 910H in the valve stem 910 fully aligns with the port towhich it is connected (e.g., sealing connector ports 840A, 840B, 840C),the maximum flow rate through the hole 910H and aligned port may berealized (e.g., depending on the pressure differential between the fluidsource direction and the fluid destination direction).

In some instances, however, the maximum flow rate may not be desired.This may occur, for example, when a user wants to make a small pressurechange in the foot support bladder 200, when a potential overpressuresituation is approaching, etc. Thus, when desired, in any operationalstate, valve stem 910 may be moved (e.g., rotated) to a position withrespect to the corresponding connecting port (e.g., 840A, 840B, 840C,804, 808, 814) so that the through hole 910H does not completely alignwith the port to which it is connected. FIGS. 31A-31D provide variousexamples of this type of “offset” in the axial directions of a throughhole 910H with respect to its connecting port to reduce and control theflow rate through and fluid exchange rate between the components. FIGS.31A-31D show examples in which two through holes 940G, 940H arepartially aligned with a corresponding two seal ports 840B, 840C and twosealed channels 842B, 842C from operational state 5 above in FIG. 30F.These same types of variations, however, may be applied at the otheroperational states and/or when only one and/or when other through holesare to be at least partially aligned with a port. The examples of FIGS.31A-31D show seal connector port 840A and sealed channel 842A notaligned with a through hole (and thus the perimeter wall 910W is visiblethrough the port 840A and channel 842A).

In FIG. 31A, the valve stem 910 is rotationally positioned such that thecentral axes of through holes 940G, 940H are offset from the centralaxes of seal ports 840C, 840B, respectively, by 10 rotational degrees.In at least some arrangements (e.g., depending on fluid pressures, holesizes, relative hole sizes, etc.), the offset amount results in a fluidflow rate reduction to about 41% of the full flow rate when the holesand parts are fully aligned. In FIG. 31B, the valve stem 910 isrotationally positioned such that the central axes of through holes940G, 940H are offset from the central axes of seal ports 840C, 840B,respectively, by 15 rotational degrees. This example results in a fluidflow rate reduction to about 25% of the full flow rate when the holesand parts are fully aligned. In FIG. 31C, the valve stem 910 isrotationally positioned such that the central axes of through holes940G, 940H are offset from the central axes of seal ports 840C, 840B,respectively, by 20 rotational degrees. This example results in a fluidflow rate reduction to about 10% of the full flow rate when the holesand parts are fully aligned. In FIG. 31D, the valve stem 910 isrotationally positioned such that the central axes of through holes940G, 940H are offset from the central axes of seal ports 840C, 840B,respectively, by 25 rotational degrees. This example results in a fluidflow rate reduction to about 1% of the full flow rate when the holes andparts are fully aligned. Only a small sliver of holes 940G, 940H arevisible in FIG. 31D. The reduced flow rates can be used, for example, tomake minor or slow pressure adjustments, e.g., to the foot supportbladder 200 and/or the fluid container 400, to fine-tune to a desiredpressure, etc.

FIGS. 32A and 32B provide a perspective view and cross-sectional view,respectively, of the combined manifold 800 (rigid plastic) and cartridgestyle sealing connector 840 of one example. As shown, this examplemanifold 800 has: (a) four ports 800A, 800B, 800C, 800D (optionallyaligned) at one surface 800E, (b) fluid inlet port 800I, (c) first port804, second port 808, and third port 814 at another surface 800F (e.g.,the opposite surface from surface 800E), e.g., with ports 804, 808, 814aligned, and (d) four fluid flow paths 802, 806, 810, 812 through themanifold body 820 (optionally aligned and/or extending in parallel).While FIGS. 32A and 32B show end surfaces 800E and 800F at oppositesides of the manifold body 820 and fluid flow paths 806, 810, 812extending straight through the manifold body 820 from surface 800E tosurface 800F, other arrangements are possible. For example, one or moreof the fluid flow paths 802, 806, 810, 812 may be curved and/or angledsuch that one or more ports 800A, 800B, 800C, 800D at one end of thefluid flow paths are not located on an opposite surface from thecorresponding port 800I, 804, 808, 814 at the other end of the fluidflow path. Any desired arrangement of ports and/or path shapes may beused. The illustrated arrangement helps maintain the manifold 800 at arelatively compact size and shape.

Ports 804, 808, 814 of this example (as well as surface 800F) arelocated within a recess 800R defined in the manifold body 820. Thesealing connector 840 is received in that recess 800R and is secured bychemical bonds or opposing face seals (and optionally not just perimeterseals). The sealing connector 840 of this example includes: (a) threeports 840A, 840B, 840C at one surface 840E and (b) three sealed channels842A, 842B, 842C extending from ports 840A, 840B, 840C to openings atsurface 840F (the openings in the sealing connector at surface 840F alsomay be considered “ports” of the sealing connector 840). Surface 840F ofsealing connector 840 abuts against surface 800F of manifold 800, andsealed channels 842A, 842B, 842C align with manifold 800 fluid flowpaths 806, 810, 812, respectively, to place the sealing connector 840and manifold 800 in fluid communication. While FIGS. 32A and 32B showend surfaces 840E and 840F at opposite sides of the sealing connector840 and sealed channels 842A, 842B, 842C extending straight through thesealing connector 840 from surface 840E to surface 840F, otherarrangements are possible. For example, one or more of the sealedchannels 842A, 842B, 842C may be curved and/or angled such that one ormore ports 840A, 840B, 840C, at one end of the fluid flow path are notlocated on an opposite surface from the corresponding opening at theother end of the fluid flow path. Any desired arrangement of ports,openings, and/or path shapes may be used. The illustrated arrangementhelps maintain the sealing connector 840 at a relatively compact sizeand shape.

The example structures shown in FIGS. 29-32B include sealing connector840 having three sealed channels 842A, 842B, 842C in fluid communicationwith three fluid flow paths 806, 810, 812 in manifold 800. In thesestructures, the fluid inlet path 802 through manifold 800 does not passthrough the sealing connector 840. Rather, it directly connects withfluid intake path 902A of housing 900 (housing 900 not shown in FIGS.32A and 32B). As another alternative, as shown in FIG. 32C, the sealingconnector 840 may include four ports 840A, 840B, 840C, 840D at onesurface 840E and (b) four sealed channels 842A, 842B, 842C, 840Dextending from ports 840A, 840B, 840C, 840D to openings at surface 840F(the openings in the sealing connector at surface 840F also may beconsidered “ports”). The additional port 840D and sealed channel 842D ofthe example of FIG. 32C may engage with fluid inlet port 800I and flowin fluid communication with fluid inlet path 802. The manifold 800recess 800R in such a structure could be increased in size and/orchanged in shape to extend to include fluid inlet port 800I and toaccommodate the additional port 840D, sealed channel 842D, and fluidcommunication with fluid inlet path 802. As another alternative, ifdesired, the additional port 840D and sealed channel 842D of the exampleof FIG. 32C may engage with a fluid passageway in fluid communicationwith another component of the overall foot support system, such asanother foot support bladder (if present), another fluid container (ifpresent), etc.

As described above in conjunction with FIGS. 28A-31G, in some examplesof this technology, the sealing connector ports 840A, 840B, 840Cdirectly engage the outer surface of the perimeter wall 910W of thevalve stem 910. Valve stem 910 moves (e.g., rotates) to place the fluidtransfer system 900A of this example into the various operationalstates. FIG. 32C shows features of sealing connector ports 840A, 840B,840C (and 840D, in this example) that may assist in maintaining a sealedconnection between sealing connector 840 and the valve stem 910perimeter wall 910W. In the illustrated examples, the outer surface ofthe perimeter wall 910W of the valve stem 910 has a circular cylindricalshape and a curved perimeter (e.g., circular circumference) and crosssectional shape. To maintain better contact and seal between the sealingconnector 840 and the perimeter wall 910W, even while in relativerotation, the sealing connector ports 840A, 840B, 840C (and 840D) havean arched outer surface shape (840S). This arched outer surface shape840S is shaped to correspond to the curvature of the perimeter wall910W. The arched outer surface shapes 840S of this example have twoopposed curve inflection points (e.g., local maxima) 844A on oppositesides of the ports 840A, 840B, 840C in the rotational direction of thevalve stem 910 and two opposed curve inflection points (e.g., localminima) 844B on opposite sides of the ports 840A, 840B, 840C in theaxial direction of the valve stem 910. The arched outer surface shapes840S of this example are raised up from base surface 840E to give thearched outer surface shapes 840S somewhat of a “fishlips” typeappearance. These shapes correspond to and maintain better contact withthe curved surface of perimeter wall 910W. If necessary or desired, theperimeter wall 910W and/or ports 840A, 840B, 840C may be treated with alubricant (or made from materials having relatively low coefficients offriction with respect to one another, e.g., polytetrafluoroethylenecontaining materials, etc.) to facilitate the sliding and sealingactions of the perimeter wall 910W with respect to 840A, 840B, and/or840C.

FIGS. 33A through 37B illustrate aspects of this technology relating toincorporating one or more pressure sensors into the fluid flow controlsystem and/or foot support system, e.g., to enable determination offluid pressure within the foot support bladder 200, the fluid container400, and/or other components of the system. Various types of pressuresensors may be used without departing from this technology, including,for example MPR Series pressure sensors (e.g., piezoresistive siliconpressure sensors) available from Honeywell. As some examples, pressuresensors useful in accordance with at least some aspects of thistechnology will have one or more of: (a) a sensing pressure range fromatmospheric pressure to at least +40 psi (e.g., 14.7 to 54.7 psi); (b) asmall size (e.g., 5 mm by 5 mm or less), (c) a relative accuracy orerror level of less than 0.15 psi (including non-linearity, hysteresis,and non-repeatability), (d) an absolute accuracy of less than 1 psi, (e)a digital output with on-board temperature compensation, and/or (f) anupdate rate of 50 Hz or more.

In at least some examples of this technology, typically: (a) onepressure sensor 850A is in fluid communication with third fluid flowpath 812 for measuring fluid pressure in the fluid container 400 (whichis in fluid communication with fluid flow path 812 via connector fluidpath 716 and container fluid path 402 in at least some of theillustrated examples) and (b) another pressure sensor 850B is in fluidcommunication with second fluid flow path 810 for measuring fluidpressure in the foot support bladder 200 (which is in fluidcommunication with fluid flow path via connector fluid path 714 and footsupport fluid path 202 in at least some of the illustrated examples).Some of the figures may appear to show the pressure sensors in otherlabeled paths. This is done, at least in part, so that the depictions ofthe pressure sensors 850A, 850B and their ports are sufficientlyseparated to maintain clarity. The same types of pressure sensors,structures, and/or mountings may be used irrespective of the specificfluid channel in which the pressures are mounted. Any desiredarrangement of fluid paths—coming from or going to any location—throughthe sealing connector 840, manifold 800, and/or connector 700 may beused. In addition or as an alternative to the “typical” pressure sensors850A, 850B mentioned above, if desired, a pressure sensor (including oneof pressure sensors 850A, 850B) may be placed in fluid communicationwith first fluid flow path 806 for measuring fluid pressure in the fluidline extending to the external environment 150 and/or in fluid inletpath 802 (e.g., from the fluid source, such as pump(s) 600H, 600F).

FIGS. 33A-33F illustrate examples of combined valve housing 902, valvestem, 910, sealing block 840, and manifold 800 in which two pressuresensors 850A and 850B (e.g., of the types described above) are providedwithin separate recesses 820R formed in the manifold body 820. Therecesses 820R provide pressure sensor mounts in this illustrated exampleand extend inward from a base surface of the manifold body 820. Thepressure sensors 850A, 850B are sealingly engaged within the recesses820R of manifold body 820 with O-rings 852. An open channel 3302 extendsfrom the recess 820R to the fluid channel (812 shown in FIG. 33A) toexpose the pressure sensor 850A, 850B to fluid pressure in the channel(similar arrangements of an open channel may be provided in otherpressure sensor mount recesses 820R). In the FIG. 33A example, manifold800 is provided as a separate component part from the valve housing 902and is engaged with valve housing 902 (e.g., via mechanical connectors,adhesive, etc.). In the example structure shown in FIG. 33A, thepressure sensor mount recess(es) 820R for receiving the pressuresensor(s) 850A, 850B extend into the manifold body 820 in a directionsubstantially perpendicular to a fluid flow direction (arrow 812F)through the manifold fluid path (e.g., 812) at the open channel 3302'slocation(s). The open channel(s) 3302 may be considered an extension ofthe recess 820R.

FIGS. 33B-33F provide various views of another example combined valvehousing 902, valve stem, 910, sealing block 840, and manifold 800 inwhich two pressure sensors 850A and 850B (e.g., of the types describedabove) are provided. In this example structure 3300, the manifold body820 and the valve housing 902 are formed as a one-piece construction.Sealing block 840 and valve stem 910 may be inserted into this combinedmanifold body 820 and the valve housing 902 structure, e.g., at the openend where encoder board or sensor 934 later may be mounted. The variousparts shown in FIGS. 33B-33F use the same reference numbers used abovefor the same or similar parts (and thus much of the overlapping orredundant description has been omitted).

One or more pressure sensors 850A and/or 850B may be placed at otherlocations in an overall system without departing from this technology.FIGS. 34A and 34B show an example structure having one or more pressuresensor mounts, e.g., tubes (two tubes 854A, 854B shown in FIGS. 34A and34B) that define a recess 840R for mounting a pressure sensor (e.g.,850A, 850B), as part of a sealing connector 840. The sealing connector840 of this example includes: (a) a base surface 840E including theports 840A, 840B, 840C, 840D; (b) an outlet surface 840F includingopenings (or ports) 846A, 846B, 846C, 846D for engaging ports 800I, 804,808, 814 of manifold 800 (manifold not shown in FIGS. 34A and 34B); and(c) sealed fluid channels 842A, 842B, 842C, 842D extending betweensurfaces 840E and 840F. Surface 840F is provided at the free end of ablock 848 of material in which the pressure sensor tube(s) (e.g., 854A,854B) is/are defined and to which the pressure sensor(s) (e.g., 850A,850B) is/are mounted. If desired, the tubular structures defining thesealed fluid channels 842A, 842B, 842C, 842D may be flexible so that theblock 848 can be moved with respect to the connection to the housing 902at surface 840E, e.g., to ease assembly, provide tolerance, etc. Thepressure sensor tube(s) (e.g., 854A, 854B) may be in fluid communicationwith any of sealed fluid channels 842A, 842B, 842C, 842D extendingbetween surfaces 840E and 840F, e.g., via open channels as describedabove in conjunction with FIG. 33A, to measure pressure in any ofchannels 842A, 842B, 842C, 842D and/or devices in fluid communicationwith them. In some examples, pressure sensors 850A, 850B will providepressure readings in foot support bladder 200 and fluid container 400.While not shown in FIGS. 33A-33F, if desired, pressure sensor mounts ina manifold body 820 may have tubular structures of the types shown inFIGS. 34A-34B (as well as pressure sensor mounts like those shown inFIGS. 35A-37B).

FIGS. 35A and 35B illustrate another example in which pressure sensor(s)(e.g., 850A, 850B) is/are engaged with sealing connector 840. Differentfrom the example of FIGS. 34A and 34B, this sealing connector 840 ismore like that shown in FIG. 32C, e.g., without flexible and/orindividually apparent sealed fluid channels 842A, 842B, 842C, 842D.Rather, the sealing connector 840 of this example is more of a block 848of material through which sealed fluid channels 842A, 842B, 842C, 842Dare formed. While shown in fluid communication with sealed channels842B, 842D in FIGS. 35A and 35B, the pressure sensor tube(s) (e.g.,854A, 854B)-and thus pressure sensor(s) (e.g., 850A, 850B)-may be influid communication with any of sealed fluid channels 842A, 842B, 842C,842D extending between surfaces 840E and 840F, e.g., to measure pressurein any of channels 842A, 842B, 842C, 842D and/or devices in fluidcommunication with them. In some examples, pressure sensors 850A, 850Bwill provide pressure readings in foot support bladder 200 and fluidcontainer 400.

FIGS. 36A and 36B illustrate another example in which pressure sensor(s)(e.g., 850A, 850B) is/are engaged with sealing connector 840. Differentfrom the examples of FIGS. 34A-35B, this sealing connector 840 may bemade from a somewhat more rigid material and has various connectionswith the valve housing 902 sealed by O-rings, gaskets, and/or othertypes of seals. In this illustrated example, the junction of surface840E with housing 902 is sealed by one or more O-rings, gaskets, and/orother types of seals 858A, and the junctions of ports 840A, 840B, 840C,840D with perimeter wall 910W of valve stem 910 are sealed with O-rings,gaskets, and/or other types of seals 858B (only one seal 858B shown inFIGS. 36A-36B). The sealing connector 840 of this example is a block 848of material through which sealed fluid channels 842A, 842B, 842C, 842Dare formed. While shown in fluid communication with sealed channels842B, 842D in FIGS. 36-36B, recess(es) (e.g., 856A, 856B) defined in theblock 848 of sealing connector material—and thus pressure sensor(s)(e.g., 850A, 850B) received in the recess(es) (e.g., 856A, 856B)—may bein fluid communication with any of sealed fluid channels 842A, 842B,842C, 842D extending between surfaces 840E and 840F, e.g., to measurepressure in any of channels 842A, 842B, 842C, 842D and/or devices influid communication with them. In some examples, pressure sensors 850A,850B will provide pressure readings in foot support bladder 200 andfluid container 400. Pressure sensors 850A, 850B are engaged withsealing connector 840 within the recesses 856A, 856B by O-rings 852 (orgaskets or other appropriate seals).

Also, FIGS. 36A-36B illustrate sealing connector 840 engaged with amanifold 800. The manifold 800 of this example is relatively short ascompared to others described above. The manifold 800 includes a base820A having a base surface 820B to engage surface 840F of the sealingconnector 840 and four manifold ports 800A, 800B, 800C, 800D projectingoutward from the base 820A. These manifold ports 800A, 800B, 800C, 800Dmay engage a connector 700 as described above and/or may directly engagefluid tubes, e.g., coming from the fluid supply (e.g., pumps 600H,600F), external environment 150, foot support bladder 200, and fluidcontainer 400 (e.g., if no connector 700 is present).

FIGS. 37A and 37B illustrate an example structure including a two partsealing connector 840—one part 840G relatively flexible and the otherpart 840H more rigid. More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 37A and 37B,the flexible part 840G of sealing connector 840 forms the directinterface with valve housing 902 and valve stem 910 perimeter wall 910W.Seal ports 840A, 840B, 840C, 840D are provided on an extension 8401 offlexible part 840G that extends inward from surface 840E and into arecess 902R defined in housing 902. Further, this example flexible part840G includes tubes 854A and 854B for engaging pressure sensors 850A,850B. This example flexible part 840G forms the top half of a portion ofthe sealed channels 842A, 842B, 842C, 842D between the pressure sensors850A, 850B and the valve housing 902. The flexible part 840G alsodefines the entire sealed channels 842A, 842B, 842C, 842D between thepressure sensors 850A, 850B and the surface 840F of sealing connector840 including the openings 846A, 846B, 846C, 846D for connecting tomanifold 800 (or other appropriate component, e.g., if the manifold 800and sealing connector 840 are formed as a single part).

The rigid part 840H forms the bottom half of a portion of the sealedchannels 842A, 842B, 842C, 842D between the pressure sensors 850A, 850Band the valve housing 902. Thus, between the pressure sensors 850A, 850Band the valve housing 902, the flexible part 840G and the rigid part840H cooperate to define the portion of the sealed channels 842A, 842B,842C, 842D between the pressure sensors 850A, 850B and the valve housing902. The rigid part 840H also defines a portion of the sealed channels842A, 842B, 842C, 842D immediately opposite the pressure sensor(s) 850A,850B across the channels 842A-842D. This two part sealing connector 840may provide some flexibility, e.g., for ease of assembly, while stillproviding a solid overall structure.

As described above in conjunction with FIGS. 28-30G, 32A, 32B, and 33,in some examples of this technology, the valve housing 902 may beengaged with a rigid manifold 800 component that includes recess 800Rinto which a sealing connector 840 is inserted. The valve housing 902and the manifold 800 may be joined together using any desiredtechnique(s), such as mechanical connectors, adhesives, ultrasonicwelding, laser welding, and/or other fusing techniques, etc. FIGS. 38Aand 38B illustrate one example of such a connection (although similarconnections may be used, if desired, to engage a sealing connector 840with a valve housing 902, e.g., as shown in FIGS. 34A-37B). Each of thefour corners and/or edges of the valve housing 902 and the manifold 800of this example snap together mechanically to hold the parts together.At the interface of valve housing 902 and manifold 800, as shown in FIG.38B, flat faces 3800 are provided on each of the valve housing 902 andthe manifold 800 (although grooved surfaces could be provided, ifdesired), e.g., around the various interfacing side surfaces. Prior tosnapping the parts together, adhesive (e.g., a liquid dispensedadhesive) may be provided at the interfacing surfaces 3800 topermanently fix the valve housing 902 to the manifold 800. Smallchamfers 3802 may be included in one or both of interfacing surfaces3800 of valve housing 902 and the manifold 800, e.g., to provide roomfor any excess adhesive to be squeezed out from the interfacing surfaces3800. Overlapping lips 3804 also may be provided between the parts,e.g., inward from the flat faces 3800.

Fluid transfer systems 900A in accordance with at least some examples ofthis technology include one or more sensors for determining a position(e.g., a rotational position) of the valve stem 910 with respect to thevalve housing 902 (and/or with respect to any one of more of the sealingconnector 840 and/or manifold 800 (when either or both are present)).FIG. 39 illustrates an example fluid transfer system 900A in which aposition sensor 930 is provided. Position sensing may be performed, inat least some examples of this technology, by an encoding system capableof measuring an absolute rotational position, or a relative positioningsensor with an additional index channel that denotes a specific absoluterotational position. In this illustrated example, the position sensorconstitutes a magnetic encoder system 930 (e.g., an on-axis magneticencoder system, an off-axis magnetic encoder system, etc.) including anencoder magnet 932 and a sensor 934. This magnetic encoder system 930 isan absolute position sensor. The encoder magnet 932 is engaged with themovable (e.g., rotatable) valve stem 910 (e.g., within internal chamber901I at the second end 910B) and rotates with the valve stem 910.Changes in magnetic field strength measured at the sensor 934 indicatethe position of the magnet 932 (and thus the position of the valve stem910) with respect to the housing 902 or other component. The relativeposition of the magnet 932 (and valve stem 910) with respect to thehousing 902 or other component also determines (and/or allowsdetermination of) the operational state of the fluid transfer system900A as described above. Other types of position sensors 930 may be usedwithout departing from at least some aspects of this technology (e.g.,optical encoders, other rotational sensors, etc.). Magnetic encodersystems 930, however, provide some advantages in that they do notrequire physical contact of parts and they typically will be lesssusceptible to failure due to adhesive, lubricant, debris, or otherundesired material that may work its way into internal chamber 901I.Optical encoders are more susceptible to failure, e.g., due to undesiredmaterial potentially masking or blocking an optical source or opticaldetector. Magnetic encoder systems 930 as well as other positionalsensor systems are known and commercially available.

FIGS. 40A-40C (together with FIG. 28 and others) provide various viewsof a drive system, including a motor 920 and a transmission 922 totransfer power to the first end 910A of the valve stem 910 and to move(rotate in this example) the valve stem 910 with respect to the valvehousing 902 (and/or manifold 800 and/or sealing connector 840, etc.). Apower source (e.g., from a battery) and a microcontroller, e.g.,provided with the fluid distributor 500 (and not shown in FIGS. 40A and40B), selectively drive the motor 920 to position the valve stem 910 inone of the various plurality of positions and operational states tothereby move fluid between the desired locations as described above. Themotor 920 may constitute a DC coreless brushed motor (e.g., commerciallyavailable from Constar Micromotor Co., Ltd. or other commercial source).

The transmission 922 is mounted, at least in part, on a frame 924 (e.g.,a die cast zinc frame) and may be covered by a cover plate 926 (e.g.,made from metal). This specific example transmission 922—a three stagetransmission—will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS.40A-40C. The shaft 920S of the motor 920 engages a motor pinion 928. Themotor pinion 928 engages a large gear 928A of a first intermediate gearcluster 928B that additionally includes a small gear 928C mounted on acommon rotary pin 928D (e.g., a steel pin) with large gear 928A. Thesmall gear 928C of the first intermediate gear cluster 928B engages alarge outer gear 928E of a second intermediate gear cluster 928F. Largeouter gear 928E of second intermediate gear cluster 928F is mounted on acommon rotary pin 928G (e.g., a steel pin) with a smaller gear 928H ofthe second intermediate gear cluster 928F. The smaller gear 928H of thesecond intermediate gear cluster 928F engages an outer geartrain 9281 ofoutput gear 928J. The central opening 928K of output gear 928J includesan inner geartrain that engages the geared end 910G of valve stem 910.One or more cup seals 910S, O-rings, gaskets, or other sealing devicesmay be provided at the first end 910A of valve stem 910 to prevent fluidfrom leaking out of the housing 902. A nose pin 928L secures the outputgear 928J and its associate components with the frame 922.

In the example transmission system 922 shown in FIGS. 40A and 40B, theaxis 920T of motor shaft 920S extends parallel to and spaced apart fromthe rotational axis 910T of the valve stem 910. FIGS. 41A and 41B show afluid transfer system 900D having different arrangements of the motor920 and valve stem 910 in which axis 920T of motor shaft 920S is alignedand co-linear with the rotational axis 910T of the valve stem 910. Aplanetary transmission 922B or planetary gearbox may be used in thatsituation to transmit power and rotational motion from the motor 920 tothe valve stem 910. Typical planetary transmissions 922B include acentral “sun gear” (e.g., driven by motor 920 shaft 920S) and plural“planet gears” that rotate in a cooperative manner to transmitrotational energy from the motor to a driven shaft (e.g., valve stem910's gear 910G). Planetary transmissions 922B of this type are knownand commercially available.

The foot support systems and fluid distributors 500 described above withrespect to fluid transfer system 900A include a single foot supportbladder 200 and a single fluid container 400. If desired, however, footsupport systems, fluid distributors 500, sole structures 104, and/orarticles of footwear 100 in accordance with at least some aspects ofthis technology may include structures for supporting fluid pressurechanges to more than one foot support bladder 200 and/or more than onefluid container 400. When two or more foot support bladders 200 arepresent, fluid could be introduced to all bladders simultaneously. Thiscould be accomplished in various ways. For example, all foot supportbladders may be filled simultaneously by branching fluid line 202 intoindividual foot support supply lines running to corresponding individualfoot support bladders. As another example, all foot support bladders inan article of footwear 100 may be filled simultaneously by fluid linesconnecting the foot support bladders in series or parallel. Similarly,two or more fluid containers 400 may be filled simultaneously in thesame manners, but by branching container fluid line 402 into individuallines and/or connecting the fluid containers in series or parallel.

If multiple foot support bladders 200 and/or fluid containers 400 arepresent in a single shoe 100 and it is desired to potentially providedifferent fluid pressures in the bladders 200 and/or containers 400,appropriate valving or switching mechanisms may be provided, e.g., afterfluid leaves connector 700 and enters foot support fluid line 202 and/orcontainer fluid line 402. Alternatively, if desired, a separate fluidpathway through the connector 700, manifold 800, and sealing connector840 (if present) may be provided for each individual foot supportbladder 200 and/or fluid container 400; separate through holes 910H forthe additional foot support bladder(s) and/or fluid container(s) may beprovided in the valve stem 910 (e.g., axially spaced from the otherthrough holes 910H); and additional operational states may be provided.In other words, an additional set of ports, fluid channels, and the likeas shown to move fluid into and out of foot support bladder 200 may beprovided for each additional foot support bladder in the shoe 100 and/oran additional set of ports, fluid channels, and the like as shown tomove fluid into and out of fluid container 400 may be provided for eachadditional fluid container in the shoe. The input system (e.g., on anexternal computing device, part of the “on-board” switching system 2200,etc.) also may be modified to allow separate inputs and control of eachadditional foot support bladder and/or fluid container.

C. Solenoid Based Fluid Transfer System Features

The fluid transfer system 900A described above utilizes a movable (e.g.,rotatable) valve stem 910 that is movable to various positions to placethe fluid distributor 500, fluid flow control system, foot supportsystem, sole structure 104, and/or article of footwear 100 in two ormore different operational states. Other types of fluid transfer systems900, however, may be used to place such systems and components in two ormore different operational states, including any two or more of theoperational states described above with respect to FIGS. 5A to 5F. Thefollowing discussion relates to solenoid based fluid transfer systems900B in accordance with at least some aspects of this technology.

Various types of solenoids and/or combinations of solenoids may be usedin fluid transfer systems 900B in accordance with some aspects of thistechnology. Some solenoids that may be used in accordance with thistechnology are “latching solenoids.” Some latching solenoids, likelatching solenoid 4200 shown in FIG. 42, include two stable states—anopen state and a closed state. Such solenoids can maintain either ofthese stable states when no power is applied. FIG. 42 shows solenoid4200 in the open state in which plunger 4202 is moved rearward to allowfluid to flow through the solenoid body 4204 between one port 4206 andthe other port 4208 (in either direction). See fluid flow arrow 4212. Inthe closed state, spring 4210 or other biasing means forces plunger 4202forward to close off (seal) either or both of ports 4206, 4208. In thatstate, fluid does not flow through the solenoid body 4204.

For latching solenoids, power is required to initiate movement of theplunger 4204 and change the solenoid 4200 from one state to anotherstate. Typically, a short power pulse is applied to move the plunger4202 of the solenoid 4200 from one position to another position.Latching solenoids also typically have a “normal state.” The “normalstate” is the state the plunger 4200 will default to (e.g., due tobiasing force on the plunger 4204) when no “latches” are activated tohold the plunger 4200 in one of the states.

For two-way latching solenoids, the solenoid may be “normally open” (or“NO”) in which fluid can flow through the solenoid or “normally closed(or “NC”) in which fluid cannot flow through the solenoid. Power may beapplied to a normally open solenoid in a relatively short pulse to: (a)move the plunger from the open configuration to the closed configurationand (b) activate the latching mechanism to hold the solenoid in theclosed position without continuous use of power. To return this solenoidback to its open configuration, power is applied to release the latch or“unlatch” the plunger in a relatively short pulse and a biasing system(e.g., spring) then returns the plunger to its open configuration. A“normally closed” solenoid works in somewhat the opposite manner. Powermay be applied to a normally closed solenoid in a relatively short pulseto: (a) move the plunger from the closed configuration to the openconfiguration and (b) activate the latching mechanism to hold thesolenoid in the open position without continuous use of power. To returnthis solenoid back to its closed configuration, power is applied torelease the latch or “unlatch” the plunger in a relatively short pulseand a biasing system (e.g., spring) then returns the plunger to itsclosed configuration. In this manner, relatively low amounts of powerare consumed to move the latching solenoid between its differentconfigurations and continuous application of power for long periods oftime is not needed. Because of the position of spring 4210 in FIG. 42,the illustrated solenoid 4200 is a “normally closed” solenoid. If spring4210 was moved to apply its biasing force between port 4206 and thefront surface 4202S of the plunger 4202 (area A), then the solenoidwould be a “normally open” solenoid.

Like latching solenoids, non-latching solenoids also may have one“normal” position (e.g., NO or NC) and one (or more) non-normalpositions. Unlike latching solenoids, non-latching solenoids requirecontinued application of power to maintain the valve in one of the two(or more) states. For example, a normally open (“NO”) non-latching valverequires continuous application of power to move and maintain the valvein a closed state, but it returns back to the open state when the poweris shut down (e.g., under biasing force applied to the plunger).Similarly, a normally closed (“NC”) valve requires continuousapplication of power to move and maintain the valve in the open state,but it returns back to the closed state when the power is shut down(e.g., under biasing force applied to the plunger). Thus, in use, it canbe advantageous from a power consumption and/or battery life point ofview to select a normally open non-latching solenoid for applicationswhere the valve only needs to be closed for relatively short timeperiods and/or to select a normally closed non-latching solenoid forapplications where the valve only needs to be open for relatively shorttime periods.

As described above in conjunction with FIGS. 4A and 4B (and otherfigures), fluid distributors 500, fluid flow control systems, footsupport systems, sole structures 104, and/or articles of footwear 100 inaccordance with some examples of this technology include a fluidtransfer system 900 for controlling the fluid flow direction and foropening/closing fluid pathways. Solenoid based fluid transfer systems900B (as will be described in more detail below) may be used as thefluid transfer system 900 shown in FIG. 4A. Thus, solenoid based fluidtransfer systems 900B in accordance with some aspects of this technologymay use any of the features of the foot support bladder(s) 200, fluidcontainer(s) 400, housing 502, connector 700, manifold 800, sealingconnector 840, etc. described above (e.g., in conjunction with FIGS.1-41), except fluid transfer system(s) 900A, 900D is/are replaced withthe fluid transfer systems 900B described below.

FIG. 43 provides a schematic illustration of a solenoid based fluidtransfer system 900B that may be used as fluid transfer system 900 inthe example of FIGS. 4A and 4B (and other figures). The fluid transfersystem 900B of FIG. 43 includes three 2x2 latching solenoid valves4300A, 4300B, 4300C. While other options are possible, in this specificexample, solenoid valve 4300A is a normally open latching solenoidvalve, and solenoid valves 4300B and 4300C are normally closed latchingsolenoid valves. The fluid transfer system 900B is connected to amanifold 800 (e.g., at interface 4302, optionally via a sealed connector840, if desired) that includes: (a) ports 800A and 800I and fluid inletpath 802 (from a fluid source, such as one or more pumps 600H, 600F);(b) ports 800B and 804 and first fluid path 806 (to the externalenvironment); (c) ports 800C and 808 and second fluid path 810 (to andfrom the foot support bladder 200); and (d) ports 800D and 814 and thirdfluid path 812 (to and from the fluid container 400). The solenoidvalves 4300A, 4300B, 4300C may be contained in a common housing 4304that includes ports (e.g., like ports 800A, 800B, 800C, 800D, othertypes of connector structures, etc.) for engaging ports 800I, 804, 808,814 of the manifold 800. The structure and operation of solenoid valves4300A, 4300B, 4300C and their connections with manifold 800 aredescribed in more detail below.

FIGS. 44A is an exploded view of fluid distributor 500 similar to theview of FIG. 26C, but the valve stem based fluid transfer system 900A ofFIG. 26B is replaced with a solenoid based fluid transfer system 900B.FIG. 44B provides an assembled view of such a fluid distributor 500.This example fluid distributor 500 includes a housing 502 in which amanifold 800 and fluid transfer system 900B are housed. Housing 502further defines a space 500A for engaging a connector 700 that connectsthe components within housing 502 with a fluid source (e.g., theexternal environment, pump(s) 600H, 600F, a compressor, etc.), theexternal environment 150, at least one foot support bladder 200, and atleast one fluid container 400. FIGS. 44A and 44B further show potentiallocations of fluid transfer system 900B within the housing 502 and arechargeable battery 2602, e.g., for powering the various electricalcomponents shown and described above or below including the solenoids.Example switching components 506A, 2200A, 506B, 2200B also are shown inFIG. 44A (and may have the same structures and/or functions as describedfor these components above).

FIGS. 45-47B illustrate example physical structures of solenoid basedfluid transfer systems 900B engaged with a manifold 800 and a schematicview of the fluid pathways in accordance with some aspects of thistechnology. As shown, these example fluid transfer systems 900B andfluid flow control systems include: (a) a first solenoid 4300A having afirst port 4310A and a second port 4310B and switchable between an openconfiguration and a closed configuration; (b) a second solenoid 4300Bhaving a first port 4312A and a second port 4312B and switchable betweenan open configuration and a closed configuration; and (c) a thirdsolenoid 4300C having a first port 4314A and a second port 4314B andswitchable between an open configuration and a closed configuration.

The first ports 4310A, 4312A, 4314A of solenoids 4300A, 4300B, 4300C,respectively, in this example fluid transfer system 900B are in fluidcommunication with a common fluid line 4320. Thus, common fluid line4320 also places the first ports 4310A, 4312A, 4314A of the solenoids4300A, 4300B, 4300C in fluid communication with one another (at leastunder some conditions). As an example, common fluid line 4320 may branchinto: (a) fluid line 4310F (going to the first port 4310A of firstsolenoid 4300A), (b) fluid line 4312F (going to the first port 4312A ofsecond solenoid 4300B), and (c) fluid line 4314F (going to the firstport 4314A of third solenoid 4300C). Additionally, the common fluid line4320 also is in fluid communication with a fluid source (e.g., one ormore of pump(s) 600H, 600F, a compressor, the external environment 150,etc.), e.g., via one or more of manifold 800 port 800A, fluid inlet path802, fluid inlet port 800I, connector 700, etc.

The second port 4310B of first solenoid 4300A of this example is influid communication with the external environment 150, e.g., via one ormore of manifold port 804, first fluid flow path 806, manifold port800B, connector 700, etc. First solenoid 4300A in this example is alatching solenoid having a normally open configuration. The second port4312B of second solenoid 4300B of this example is in fluid communicationwith a foot support bladder 200, e.g., via one or more of manifold port808, second fluid flow path 810, manifold port 800C, connector 700, etc.Second solenoid 4300B in this example is a latching solenoid having anormally closed configuration. The second port 4314B of third solenoid4300C of this example is in fluid communication with a fluid container400, e.g., via one or more of manifold port 814, third fluid flow path812, manifold port 800D, connector 700, etc. Third solenoid 4300C inthis example also is a latching solenoid having a normally closedconfiguration.

As shown in FIG. 47A, in this example structure, each of solenoids4300A, 4300B, and 4300C is arranged to have its first port 4310A, 4312A,4313A at one end of the solenoid and its second port 4310B, 4312B, 4313Bat the opposite end of the solenoid (e.g., “dual sided” solenoids). Inthis manner, the first ports 4310A, 4312A, 4313A may be aligned at oneend of the fluid transfer system 900B and the second ports 4310B, 4312B,4313B may be aligned at the opposite end of the fluid transfer system900B. As shown in FIG. 47B, in this example structure, each of solenoids4300A, 4300B, and 4300C is arranged to have its first port 4310A, 4312A,4314A at one end of the solenoid and its second port 4310B, 4312B, 4314Bat a side surface of the solenoid (e.g., “single sided” solenoids). Notealso the “single sided” arrangement of solenoid ports 4206 and 4208 inFIG. 42 and the solenoid ports of FIG. 43. In this manner, the firstports 4310A, 4312A, 4314A may be aligned at one end of the fluidtransfer system 900B and all ports are located toward this same end.These types of “single sided” arrangements can provide a compactfootprint, e.g., suitable for engagement with an article of footwear 100and/or sole structure 104.

FIGS. 48A-48F provide schematic views of one example solenoid basedfluid transfer system 900B placed in the six operational statesdescribed above in conjunction with FIGS. 5A-5F. FIG. 48A (along withFIG. 5A) shows an operational state in which fluid moves into the fluiddistributor 500 from the external environment 150 and is discharged backto the external environment 150. The fluid flow in this operationalstate is shown by the thick, arrowed, broken lines in FIGS. 5A and 48A.This operational state may be used as a “standby” or “steady state”operational state to keep the pumped fluid moving through the fluiddistributor 500 even when no pressure changes are needed to the footsupport bladder 200 and/or the fluid container 400. In this operationalstate, incoming fluid from the external environment 150 (e.g., air)moves, e.g., as described above with respect to FIG. 5A, until it goesthrough the manifold 800 and reaches the fluid transfer system 900B. Inthis first operational state, the first solenoid 4300A is in the openconfiguration, the second solenoid 4300B is in the closed configuration,and the third solenoid 4300C is in the closed configuration. Thus, fluidflows from the source (e.g., pumps 600H, 600F, a compressor, etc.),through manifold port 800A, through common fluid line 4320, throughfluid line 4310F, through the first port 4310A of the first solenoid4300A, through the first solenoid 4300A, through the second port 4310Bof the first solenoid 4300A, through manifold port 800B, and to itsultimate destination (the external environment 150 in this example).

Alternatively, in some examples of this technology, in this operationalstate, rather than continuously moving fluid through the fluiddistributor 500 with each step when it is simply going to be dischargedback into the external environment 150, a fluid path could be providedfrom the pump(s) 600H, 600F directly to the external environment 150. Asanother option, the pump(s) 600H, 600F could be deactivated to providethis operational state.

FIG. 48B (along with FIG. 5B) shows an operational state in which fluidmoves into the fluid distributor 500 from the external environment 150and is transferred to the foot support bladder 200. The fluid flow inthis operational state is shown by the thick, arrowed, broken lines inFIGS. 5B and 48B. This operational state may be used to increasepressure in the foot support bladder 200, e.g., for a firmer feel and/orto support more intense activities (such as running). In thisoperational state, incoming fluid from the external environment 150(e.g., air) moves, e.g., as described above with respect to FIGS. 5A and5B, until it goes through the manifold 800 and reaches the fluidtransfer system 900B. In this second operational state, the firstsolenoid 4300A is in the closed configuration, the second solenoid 4300Bis in the open configuration, and the third solenoid 4300C is in theclosed configuration. Thus, fluid flows from the source (e.g., pumps600H, 600F, a compressor, etc.), through manifold port 800A, throughcommon fluid line 4320, through fluid line 4312F, through the first port4312A of the second solenoid 4300B, through the second solenoid 4300B,through the second port 4312B of the second solenoid 4300B, throughmanifold port 800C, and to its ultimate destination (the foot supportbladder 200 in this example).

In some instances, it may be desired to remove fluid from the footsupport bladder 200 in order to decrease pressure in the foot supportbladder 200 (e.g., to provide a softer feel or for less intenseactivities, such as walking or casual wear). FIG. 48C (along with FIG.5C) shows an example of this operational state. Again, the fluid flow inthis operational state is shown by the thick, arrowed, broken lines inFIGS. 5C and 48C. In this third operational state, the first solenoid4300A is in the open configuration, the second solenoid 4300B is in theopen configuration, and the third solenoid 4300C is in the closedconfiguration. Thus, fluid flows from the foot support bladder 200,through second manifold port 800C, through the second port 4312B of thesecond solenoid 4300B, through the second solenoid 4300B, through thefirst port 4312A of the second solenoid, through fluid line 4312F,through the common fluid line 4320, through fluid line 4310F, throughthe first port 4310A of the first solenoid 4300A, through the firstsolenoid 4300A, through the second port 4310B of the first solenoid4300A, through manifold port 800B, and to its ultimate destination (theexternal environment 150 in this example).

Another potential operational state for fluid transfer systems 900B andfoot support systems in accordance with some examples of this technologyis shown in FIG. 48D (along with FIG. 5D). In this operational state,fluid is transferred from the fluid container 400 to the externalenvironment, e.g., to reduce fluid pressure in the fluid container 400.The fluid flow of this operational state is shown by the thick, arrowed,broken lines in FIGS. 5D and 48D. In this fourth operational state, thefirst solenoid 4300A is in the open configuration, the second solenoid4300B is in the closed configuration, and the third solenoid 4300C is inthe open configuration. Thus, fluid flows from the fluid container 400,through the third manifold port 800D, through the second port 4314B ofthe third solenoid 4300C, through the third solenoid 4300C, through thefirst port 4314A of the third solenoid 4300C, through fluid line 4314F,through common fluid line 4320, through fluid line 4310F, through thefirst port 4310A of the first solenoid 4300A, through the first solenoid4300A, through the second port 4310B of the first solenoid 4300A,through the manifold port 800B, and to its ultimate destination (theexternal environment 150 in this example).

In some examples of fluid transfer systems 900B and foot support systemsaccording to aspects of this technology, it may be desired to use theon-board fluid container 400 to adjust (and in this example, increase)pressure in the foot support bladder 200. An example of this operationalstate is shown in FIG. 48E (along with FIG. 5E). In this fifthoperational state, the first solenoid 4300A is in the closedconfiguration, the second solenoid 4300B is in the open configuration,and the third solenoid 4300C is in the open configuration. Thus, whenthe fluid container 400 pressure is higher than the foot support bladder200 pressure, fluid flows from the fluid container 400, through thethird manifold port 800D, through the second port 4314B of the thirdsolenoid 4300C, through the third solenoid 4300C, through the first port4314A of the third solenoid 4300C, through fluid line 4314F, throughcommon fluid line 4320, through fluid line 4312F, through the first port4312A of the second solenoid 4300B, through the second solenoid 4300B,through the second port 4312B of the second solenoid 4300B, throughmanifold port 800C, and to its ultimate destination (the foot supportbladder 200 in this example).

FIG. 48F (along with FIG. 5F) shows an example operational state foradding fluid to the fluid container 400 (e.g., to increase fluid volumeand/or pressure in the fluid container 400). In this sixth operationalstate, the first solenoid 4300A is in the closed configuration, thesecond solenoid 4300B is in the closed configuration, and the thirdsolenoid 4300C is in the open configuration. Thus, fluid flows from thesource (e.g., pumps 600H, 600F, a compressor, etc.), through manifoldport 800A, through common fluid line 4320, through fluid line 4314F,through the first port 4314A of the third solenoid 4300C, through thethird solenoid 4300C, through the second port 4314B of the thirdsolenoid 4300C, through manifold port 800D, and to its ultimatedestination (the fluid container 400 in this example).

As mentioned above, fluid distributors 500, fluid flow control systems,foot support systems, sole structures 104, and/or articles of footwear100 in accordance with some examples of this technology need not provideall six of the operational states described above. Rather, moreoperational states, less operational states, and/or differentoperational states may be available in some examples of this technology.FIGS. 49A-49D illustrate an example solenoid based fluid transfer system900C having four operational states when one foot support bladder 200and one fluid container 400 are present.

This example fluid transfer system 900C includes two solenoids: (a) afirst solenoid 4900A including a first port 4910A, a second port 4910B,and a third port 4910C; and (b) a second solenoid 4900B including afirst 4912A port and a second port 4912B. The first ports 4910A and4912A of solenoids 4900A, 4900B, respectively, in this example fluidtransfer system 900C are in fluid communication with a common fluid line4920. Thus, common fluid line 4920 also places the first ports 4910A,4912A of the solenoids 4900A, 4900B in fluid communication with oneanother (at least under some conditions). As an example, common fluidline 4920 may branch into: (a) fluid line 4910F (going to the first port4910A of first solenoid 4900A) and (b) fluid line 4912F (going to thefirst port 4912A of second solenoid 4900B). Additionally, the commonfluid line 4920 also is in fluid communication with a fluid source(e.g., one or more of pump(s) 600H, 600F, a compressor, the externalenvironment 150, etc.), e.g., via one or more of manifold 800 port 800A,fluid inlet path 802, fluid inlet port 800I, connector 700, etc. In thisexample, the first solenoid 4900A may be a latching three port, twostate solenoid (a 3/2 solenoid) and the second solenoid 4900B may be anormally closed non-latching solenoid (a 2/2 solenoid), although otherspecific types of solenoids may be used, if desired. The fluid transfersystem 900C may engage with a manifold 800, e.g., of the various typesdescribed above (e.g., a four port and four fluid path manifold of thetypes described above).

In this illustrated example (and as will be described in more detailbelow), the first solenoid 4900A is independently switchable to: (a) afirst configuration in which fluid flows through the first solenoid4900A between the first port 4910A and the second port 4910B and (b) asecond configuration in which fluid flows through the first solenoid4900A between the first port 4910A and the third port 4910C. Thus, inthis example, first port 4910A and first solenoid 4900A always remainopen and the plunger 4910P moves between: (a) one position in whichsecond port 4910B is open and third port 4910C is closed and (b) anotherposition in which second port 4910B is closed and third port 4910C isopen. The first solenoid 4900A in the illustrated example is biased to“normally” be in the first configuration (with the biasing systemclosing third port 4910C). The second solenoid 4900B of this example isindependently switchable between an open configuration (in which fluidflows through solenoid 4900B between the first port 4912A and the secondport 4912B) and a closed configuration (in which fluid does not flowthrough solenoid 4900B). In this fluid transfer system 900C,simultaneous selective placement of: (a) the first solenoid 4900A in oneof the first configuration or the second configuration and (b) thesecond solenoid 4900B in one of the open configuration or the closedconfiguration selectively places this fluid transfer system 900C in aplurality of (e.g., two or more) operational states. Examples of theseoperational states are described in more detail below.

FIGS. 49A-49D provide schematic views of the solenoid based fluidtransfer system 900C placed in four operational states. FIG. 49A (alongwith FIG. 5A) shows an operational state in which fluid moves into thefluid distributor 500 from the external environment 150 and isdischarged back to the external environment 150. The fluid flow in thisoperational state is shown by the thick, arrowed, broken lines in FIGS.5A and 49A. This operational state may be used as a “standby” or “steadystate” operational state to keep the pumped fluid moving through thefluid distributor 500 even when no pressure changes are needed to thefoot support bladder 200 and/or the fluid container 400. In thisoperational state, incoming fluid from the external environment 150(e.g., air) moves, e.g., as described above with respect to FIG. 5A,until it goes through the manifold 800 and reaches the fluid transfersystem 900C. In this first operational state, the first solenoid 4900Ais in the first configuration and the second solenoid 4900B is in theclosed configuration. Thus, fluid flows from the source (e.g., pumps600H, 600F, a compressor, etc.), through manifold port 800A, throughcommon fluid line 4920, through fluid line 4910F, through the first port4910A of the first solenoid 4900A, through the first solenoid 4900A,through second port 4910B of the first solenoid 4900A, through manifoldport 800B, and to its ultimate destination (the external environment 150in this example).

Alternatively, in some examples of this technology, in this operationalstate, rather than continuously moving fluid through the fluiddistributor 500 with each step when it is simply going to be dischargedback into the external environment 150, a fluid path could be providedfrom the pump(s) 600H, 600F directly to the external environment 150. Asanother option, pump(s) 600H, 600F could be deactivated to accomplishthis operational state.

FIG. 49B (along with FIG. 5F) shows an example operational state foradding fluid to the fluid container 400 (e.g., to increase fluid volumeand/or pressure in the fluid container 400). In this second operationalstate, the first solenoid 4900A is in the second configuration and thesecond solenoid 4900B is in the closed configuration. Thus, fluid flowsfrom the source (e.g., pumps 600H, 600F, a compressor, etc.), throughmanifold port 800A, through common fluid line 4920, through fluid line4910F, through the first port 4910A of the first solenoid 4900A, throughthe first solenoid 4900A, through third port 4910C of the first solenoid4900A, through manifold port 800D, and to its ultimate destination (thefluid container 400 in this example).

In this example fluid transfer system 900C, the on-board fluid container400 is used to adjust (and in this example, increase) fluid pressure inthe foot support bladder 200. An example of this operational state isshown in FIG. 49C (along with FIG. 5E). In this third operational state,first solenoid 4900A is in the second configuration and the secondsolenoid 4900B is in the open configuration. Thus, when the fluidcontainer 400 pressure is higher than the foot support bladder 200pressure, fluid flows from the fluid container 400, through the thirdmanifold port 800D, through the third port 4910C of the first solenoid4900A, through the first solenoid 4900A, through the first port 4910A ofthe first solenoid 4900A, through fluid line 4910F, through common fluidline 4920, through fluid line 4912F, through the first port 4912A of thesecond solenoid 4900B, through the second solenoid 4900B, through secondport 4912B of the second solenoid 4900B, through manifold port 800C, andto its ultimate destination (the foot support bladder 200 in thisexample).

In some instances, it may be desired to remove fluid from the footsupport bladder 200 in order to decrease pressure in the foot supportbladder 200 (e.g., to provide a softer feel or for less intenseactivities, such as walking or casual wear). FIG. 49D (along with FIG.5C) shows an example of this operational state. The fluid flow in thisoperational state is shown by the thick, arrowed, broken lines. In thisfourth operational state, the first solenoid 4900A is in the firstconfiguration and the second solenoid 4900B is in the openconfiguration. Thus, fluid flows from the foot support bladder 200,through second manifold port 800C, through the second port 4912B of thesecond solenoid 4900B, through the second solenoid 4900B, through thefirst port 4912B of the second solenoid 4900B, through fluid line 4912F,through the common fluid line 4920, through fluid line 4910F, throughthe first port 4910A of the first solenoid 4900A, through the firstsolenoid 4900A, through the second port 4910B of the first solenoid4900A, through manifold port 800B, and to its ultimate destination (theexternal environment 150 in this example).

Thus, as compared to fluid transfer system 900B, fluid transfer system900C includes up to four operational states rather than the sixoperational states described above for fluid transfer system 900B.Specifically, fluid transfer system 900C of FIGS. 49A-49D does not havean operational state in which fluid moves into the fluid distributor 500from the external environment 150 and is transferred directly into thefoot support bladder 200 (the states shown in FIGS. 5B and 48B). Rather,in the fluid transfer system 900C of FIGS. 49A-49D, fluid pressure isincreased in the foot support bladder 200 only by fluid transfer fromthe fluid container 400 to the foot support bladder 200 (as shown by theoperational state of FIG. 49C). Further, as compared to fluid transfersystem 900B, fluid transfer system 900C does not have an operationalstate in which fluid moves from the fluid container 400 to the externalenvironment 150 (the states shown in FIGS. 5D and 48D). If necessary ordesired, fluid container 400 may include a check valve that opens to theexternal environment to prevent over-pressurization of the fluidcontainer 400 (rather than having excess fluid from container 400passing through fluid transfer system 900C to reduce pressure in thefluid container 400). Additionally or alternatively, if fluid pressurefrom the fluid source (e.g., fluid pressure generated by one or morefoot activated pumps 600H, 600F) is insufficient or below the fluidpressure in open fluid pathways to the fluid container 400, fluid willnot transfer from the source to the fluid container 400. Stilladditionally or alternatively, other pressure relief valves and/or fluidpathways may be provided at one or more locations in the overall fluidtransfer system 900C, fluid distributor 500, fluid flow control system,foot support system, sole structure 104, and/or article of footwear 100to prevent over-pressurization of any part of the systems (e.g., torelieve pressure from fluid discharged by pump(s) 600H, 600F if there isno other place for the fluid to go).

Fluid transfer system 900C has some advantages, however, in that it usesonly two solenoid as compared to three used in fluid transfer system900B. Thus, fluid transfer system 900C may be somewhat lighter, smaller,less expensive, and/or more energy efficient (e.g., consume less batterypower) as compared to fluid transfer system 900B.

Fluid transfer systems 900B and 900C described above include a singlefoot support bladder 200 and a single fluid container 400. If desired,however, fluid transfer systems, foot support systems, fluiddistributors 500, sole structures 104, and/or articles of footwear 100in accordance with at least some aspects of this technology may includestructure for supporting fluid pressure changes to more than one footsupport bladder 200 and/or more than one fluid container 400. When twoor more foot support bladders 200 are present, fluid could be introducedto all bladders simultaneously. This could be accomplished in variousways. For example, all foot support bladders may be filledsimultaneously by branching fluid line 202 into individual foot supportsupply lines running to corresponding individual foot support bladders.As another example, all foot support bladders in an article of footwear100 may be filled simultaneously by fluid lines connecting the footsupport bladders in series or parallel. Similarly, two or more fluidcontainers 400 may be filled simultaneously in the same manners, but bybranching container fluid line 402 into individual lines and/orconnecting the fluid containers in series or parallel.

If multiple foot support bladders 200 and/or fluid containers 400 arepresent in a single shoe 100 and it is desired to potentially providedifferent fluid pressures in the bladders 200 and/or containers 400,appropriate valving or switching mechanisms may be provided, e.g., afterfluid leaves connector 700 and enters foot support fluid line 202 and/orcontainer fluid line 402. Alternatively, if desired, a separate fluidpathway through the connector 700, manifold 800, and sealing connector840 (if present) may be provided for each individual foot supportbladder 200 and/or fluid container 400; separate solenoids may beprovided for each additional foot support bladder 200 and/or fluidcontainer 400; and additional operational states may be provided. Inother words, an additional set of ports, fluid channels, solenoids, andthe like as shown to move fluid into and out of foot support bladder 200may be provided for each additional foot support bladder and/or anadditional set of ports, fluid channels, solenoids, and the like asshown to move fluid into and out of fluid container 400 may be providedfor each additional fluid container in the shoe. The input system (e.g.,on an external computing device, part of the “on-board” switching system2200, etc.) also may be modified to allow separate inputs and control ofeach additional foot support bladder and/or fluid container.

FIGS. 49A-49D schematically illustrate (as “optional”) a second footsupport bladder 250 in fluid transfer system 900C. Thus, in this fluidtransfer system 900C, a third solenoid 4900C is provided to transferfluid into and out of second foot support bladder 250. This thirdsolenoid 4900C includes a first port 4914A and a second port 4914B, andit may be structured as a normally closed non-latching solenoid, e.g., a2/2 solenoid. The first port 4914A of third solenoid 4900C may have afluid line 4914F in fluid communication with the common fluid line 4920.The second port 4914B of the third solenoid 4900C is in fluidcommunication with the second foot support bladder 250 in any desiredmanner. Specifically, the fluid pathway from second port 4914B to footsupport bladder 250 may have a separate set of ports and fluid pathsthrough manifold 800, sealing connector 840 (if present), connector 700(if present), etc., that generally correspond in structure and/orfunction to the fluid pathway between second port 4912B of secondsolenoid 4900B and foot support bladder 200.

The fluid transfer system 900C of FIGS. 49A-49D may be placed in all theoperational states shown in FIGS. 49A-49D by placing the first solenoid4900A and second solenoid 4900B in the configurations shown in FIGS.49A-49D and maintaining third solenoid 4900C in the closedconfiguration. But, this example fluid transfer system 900C may includetwo additional operational states to accommodate: (a) increases in fluidpressure in the second foot support bladder 250 and (b) decreases influid pressure in the second foot support bladder 250. A fifthoperational state used to increase fluid pressure in the second footsupport bladder 250 utilizes the first solenoid 4900A in the secondconfiguration, the second solenoid 4900B in the closed configuration,and the third solenoid 4900C in the open configuration. Thus, in amanner similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 49C, fluid moves fromfluid container 400, through the third manifold port 800D, through thethird port 4910C of the first solenoid 4900A, through the first solenoid4900A, through the first port 4910A of the first solenoid 4900A, throughfluid line 4910F, through common fluid line 4920, through fluid line4914F, through the first port 4914A of the third solenoid 4900C, throughthe third solenoid 4900C, through second port 4914B of the thirdsolenoid 4900B, and from there to its ultimate destination (the footsupport bladder 250 in this example).

Similarly, a sixth operational state used to decrease fluid pressure inthe second foot support bladder 250 utilizes the first solenoid 4900A inthe first configuration, the second solenoid 4900B in the closedconfiguration, and the third solenoid 4900C in the open configuration.Thus, in a manner similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 49D, fluidmoves from the foot support bladder 250 (through whatever fluid pathwaysare provided) through the second port 4914B of the third solenoid 4900C,through the third solenoid 4900C, through the first port 4914A of thethird solenoid 4900C, through fluid line 4914F, through the common fluidline 4920, through fluid line 4910F, through the first port 4910A of thefirst solenoid 4900A, through the first solenoid 4900A, through thesecond port 4910B of the first solenoid 4900A, through manifold port800B, and to its ultimate destination (the external environment 150 inthis example).

An additional solenoid (e.g., 2/2 non-latching solenoid) and appropriatestructures and operational states may be provided for any additionalfoot support bladders beyond bladders 200 and 250 discussed above.

As described herein, aspects of this technology relate to controllingand changing pressure in various footwear components, such as one ormore foot support bladders 200 and/or one or more fluid reservoirs 400(which also may be fluid filled bladders). In the various examplestructures described above, however, the pressure sensors (e.g., 850A,850B) are not located directly inside or directly engaged with thecorresponding foot support bladder 200 and/or fluid container 400.Incorporating pressure sensor(s) 850A, 850B directly into or with a footsupport bladder 200 and/or fluid container 400 of the types describedherein may be practically difficult, e.g., due to the pliable bladderstructures, due to their locations within the footwear, due to footwearassembly difficulties, etc. Thus, as described above, systems andmethods in accordance with at least some aspects of this technologyprovide pressure sensor(s) 850A, 850B at locations to measure pressurein fluid lines within manifold 800 or within sealing connector 840.These fluid lines, in turn, are in fluid communication with foot supportbladder 200 and/or fluid container 400. In this manner, the pressuresensor(s) 850A, 850B may be provided with external fluid distributor 500(as described above) and may be more easily and convenientlyincorporated into the overall footwear 100 structure as the fluiddistributor 500 is connected with the shoe 100.

When no fluid is flowing through the relevant fluid lines equipped withsensors 850A, 850B, those sensors 850A, 850B generally will accuratelymeasure pressure in the foot support bladder 200 and/or fluid container400 (because the sensors 850A, 850B are mounted at fluid lines in openfluid communication with the foot support bladder 200 and/or fluidcontainer 400). But, because the pressure sensor(s) 850A, 850B are notdirectly included with the foot support bladder 200 and/or fluidcontainer 400, the pressure measurements made at pressure sensor(s)850A, 850B within the manifold 800 or sealing connector 840 when fluidis flowing through the relevant fluid lines may not correspond to theactual pressure present within the foot support bladder 200 and/or fluidcontainer 400. For example, there may be significant flow restriction onfluid flowing through the manifold 800 and/or sealing connector 840because the fluid flows through relatively small sized (e.g., smallcross sectional area and/or diameter) fluid lines within the manifold800 and/or sealing connector 840. This flow resistance at the pressuresensor 850A, 850B locations causes corresponding differences in thepressure readings taken at the sensors 850A, 850B (and at the manifold800 and/or sealing connector 840) as compared to the actual pressures atfoot support bladder 200 and/or fluid container 400. This “difference”in sensed pressure v. actual pressure may be referred to as “offset.”During fluid flow, this flow resistance offset also may be affected byflow rate past the pressure sensors 850A, 850B (i.e., flow ratedependent offset). Flow resistance offset also may be more pronouncedshortly after fluid flow starts, stops, and/or changes ratesignificantly.

For these reasons, systems and methods in accordance with at least someaspects of this technology may determine an “adjusted” pressure (e.g.,adjusted for offset) based on the pressure readings taken at thepressure sensor(s) (e.g., 850A, 850B) within the manifold 800 and/orsealing connector 840. These adjusted pressure(s) then may be used asinput (e.g., input data to the microprocessor of an on-board fluiddistributor 500, input data to an external computing device controllingpressure change operations, etc.) for determining when to start and stopfluid flow (e.g., when to rotate valve stem 910 and/or when to changethe configuration of one or more solenoids (e.g., 4300A-4300C,4900A-4900C) when adjusting pressure in the foot support bladder 200and/or the fluid container 400). Use of adjusted pressure(s) forcontrolling pressure changes may allow the fluid flow control system tobetter arrive at a target pressure in response to pressure change input.For example, use of the adjusted pressure, as opposed to directly usingthe sensor 850A, 850B measured pressures, may allow the systems and/ormethods to arrive at the target pressure more directly and/or with lesspressure change “overshoot” (i.e., inflating too much) or “undershoot”(deflating too much) in the foot support bladder 200 and/or fluidcontainer 400 (as compared to using the actual pressure sensor 850A,850B readings). Additionally or alternatively, this may allow thesystems and/or methods to arrive at the target pressure with less cyclesof “starting” and “stopping” the fluid flow to arrive at the finaltarget pressure (and especially with fewer short bursts of starts tofine tune and adjust pressure to the final target pressure).

In some examples of this aspect of the present technology, adjustedpressures due to flow rate dependent offset may be determined using astate observer model. A state observer model uses a system that providesan estimate of the internal state of a given real system (in thisexample, the actual pressure in foot support bladder 200 and/or fluidcontainer 400, PACTUAL) from measurements of a real system (in thisexample, pressure measurements at pressure sensors 850A, 850B (P850A,850B) at manifold 800 and/or sealing connector 840). FIGS. 50A and 50Bprovide figures helping explain one potential state observer model. FIG.50A shows an electrical equivalent model 5000 of a pneumatic pressurecontrol system of the types described herein in which the actual systemincludes one foot support bladder 200 (“cushion”) and one fluidcontainer 400 (“tank”). In this model, the fluid container 400 and thefoot support bladder 200 are modeled as capacitors and store pressure.Fluid flow through the various parts of the system is modeled asresistors (e.g., fluid flow between the fluid container 400 and thefluid transfer system 900 is shown as resistor 5020, fluid flow throughthe fluid transfer system 900 is shown as resistor 5022, and fluid flowbetween the foot support bladder 200 and the fluid transfer system 900is shown as resistor 5024).

FIG. 50B illustrates how the state observer model 5000 of FIG. 50Acorresponds to the actual pressure measurements in sensors 850A, 850B(and other related information). Line 5002 represents desired targetpressure in the foot support bladder 200 and shows a desired pressurechange from about 18 psi to about 27 psi shortly before time 358.5.Lines 5004 and 5006 represent operation of solenoid valves for fluidcontainer 400 and the foot support bladder 200, respectively. Theselines 5004, 5006 show that both solenoid valves change configurationwhen the desired pressure change is triggered (shortly before time358.5). The valve configuration changes configure the solenoids to allowfluid to transfer from the fluid container 400 to the foot supportbladder 200 (thereby increasing pressure in the foot support bladder 200and decreasing pressure in the fluid container 400). Curve 5008 showsthe actual pressure measurements taken by sensor 850A in themanifold/sealing connector fluid line in fluid communication with thefluid container 400, and curve 5010 shows the actual pressuremeasurements taken by sensor 850B in the manifold/sealing connectorfluid line in fluid communication with the foot support bladder 200. Asevident from curves 5008, 5010, the actual sensor 850A, 850Bmeasurements jump significantly when flow starts and stops due to flowresistance offset. This flow resistance offset typically becomes evenmore pronounced as the fluid line cross sectional area decreases.

Curves 5012 and 5014, on the other hand, show the pressure valuespredicted/calculated by the model 5000 of FIG. 50A. As shown, thesecurves 5012, 5014 lack the substantial “jumps” and thus bettercorrespond to the actual fluid pressures within the fluid container 400and/or foot support bladder 200. From the actual measured pressurereadings at pressure sensors 850A and/or 850B, state observer pressurevalues may be calculated using the model 5000. For example, based on thepressure sensor measurements 850A, 850B (which correlate to voltagemeasured by the sensors 850A, 850B), and in view of the known valuesassigned to the various resistors 5020, 5022, 5024 and capacitances(Tank and Cushion) in model 5000, the voltages at fluid container modellocation 5026 and foot support bladder model location 5028 can becalculated. These calculated voltages correspond to the pressurecalculated state observer pressure values.

Then these calculated state observer pressure values may be used asinputs corresponding to pressure in the foot support bladder 200 and/orfluid container 400. The use of the calculated state observer pressurevalues as pressure input and data allows systems and methods inaccordance with some examples of this technology to better controlpressure changes, arrive at target pressures more directly and/or withless pressure change “overshoot” (i.e., inflating too much) or“undershoot” (deflating too much), and/or with less cycles of “starting”and “stopping” the fluid flow to arrive at the target pressure (e.g.,due to the lack of “jumps”).

Other ways of using actual pressure readings from pressure sensors 850A,850B to determine an adjusted pressure value (and estimate actualpressure in foot support bladder 200 and/or fluid container 400) may beused. As one example, a laboratory physical model of the overall footsupport system may be formed including the same interconnected footsupport bladder 200, fluid lines 400, fluid distributor 500 components,but the model could be made to additionally include pressure sensorswith the foot support bladder 200 and fluid container 400 to measure theactual pressure in those components. Then, using this physical model,pressure measurements may be taken: (a) at the pressure sensor(s) 850A,850B located at manifold 800 and/or sealing connector 840(P_(850A, 850B)), and (b) at the additional pressure sensor(s) includedwith the foot support bladder 200 and/or fluid container 400 as part ofthe physical model (P_(ACTUAL)) under various operating conditions(e.g., using different flow rates, using different starting pressures,using different pressure change amounts, etc.). By comparing the actualpressure measurements of part (a) with those of part (b), thedifferences in the actual measured pressures can be used to developcorrection factors to be used in systems and methods where actualpressure measurements are available only at manifold 800 and/or sealingconnector 840 (i.e., in actual shoes in use where no additional pressuresensor(s) is (are) included directly with the foot support bladder 200and/or fluid container 400). The correction factor may take on the formof a look-up table, a mathematical formula or equation for convertingP_(850A, 850B) to P_(ACTUAL), a “best fit” curve, etc., and may beapplied by the microprocessor to the actual pressure readingsP_(850A, 850B). Applying an appropriate correction factor for theconditions to the pressure sensor measurements at manifold 800 and/orsealing connector 840 (P_(850A, 850B)) provides an adjusted pressurevalue that may be used as input for controlling pressure changes, e.g.,as described above.

III. Conclusion

The present invention is disclosed above and in the accompanyingdrawings with reference to a variety of embodiments. The purpose servedby the disclosure, however, is to provide an example of the variousfeatures and concepts related to the invention, not to limit the scopeof the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize thatnumerous variations and modifications may be made to the embodimentsdescribed above without departing from the scope of the presentinvention, as defined by the appended claims.

For the avoidance of doubt, the present application, technology, andinvention includes at least the subject matter described in thefollowing numbered Clauses:

Clause 1. A foot support system, comprising:

-   -   a foot support bladder;    -   a first sole member engaged with the foot support bladder,        wherein the first sole member includes a plantar support surface        at least at a heel support area of the foot support system and a        sidewall forming an exterior surface of the first sole member;    -   a fluid container; and    -   a fluid distributor engaged with the exterior surface of the        first sole member, wherein the fluid distributor includes: (a)        an inlet for receiving fluid from a fluid supply, (b) a first        fluid pathway for transferring fluid to the external        environment, (c) a second fluid pathway in fluid communication        with the foot support bladder, and (d) a third fluid pathway in        fluid communication with the fluid container.

Clause 2. The foot support system according to Clause 1, furthercomprising a fluid supply including a first pump, wherein an inlet ofthe first pump is in fluid communication with the external environmentand an outlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with the inletof the fluid distributor.

Clause 3. The foot support system according to Clause 1, furthercomprising a fluid supply including a first pump and a second pump,wherein an inlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with theexternal environment, wherein an outlet of the first pump is in fluidcommunication with an inlet of the second pump, and wherein an outlet ofthe second pump is in fluid communication with the inlet of the fluiddistributor.

Clause 4. The foot support system according to Clause 3, wherein thesecond pump is a foot activated pump.

Clause 5. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 2 to4, further comprising a fluid line including a first end and a secondend, wherein the first end is in fluid communication with the externalenvironment and the second end is in fluid communication with the inletof the first pump.

Clause 6. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 2 to4, wherein the first pump is a foot activated pump.

Clause 7. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to6, wherein the fluid distributor includes a housing having: (a) a firstport opening into the first fluid pathway, (b) a second port openinginto the second fluid pathway, and (c) a third port opening into thethird fluid pathway.

Clause 8. The foot support system according to Clause 7, wherein thefirst port, the second port, and the third port are aligned on a sidesurface of the housing.

Clause 9. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to6, wherein the fluid distributor includes a housing having: (a) theinlet, (b) a first port opening into the first fluid pathway, (c) asecond port opening into the second fluid pathway, and (d) a third portopening into the third fluid pathway.

Clause 10. The foot support system according to Clause 9, wherein theinlet, the first port, the second port, and the third port are alignedon a side surface of the housing.

Clause 11. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to10, wherein the fluid container includes a fluid filled bladder.

Clause 12. The foot support system according to Clause 11, wherein atleast a portion of the fluid filled bladder extends beneath a bottomsurface of the foot support bladder.

Clause 13. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to12, further comprising a second sole member engaged with the fluidcontainer.

Clause 14. The foot support system according to Clause 13, wherein aheel support portion of the second sole member engages a heel supportportion of the first sole member.

Clause 15. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to14, wherein the exterior surface of the first sole member includes arecess defined therein, and wherein at least a portion of the fluiddistributor is received in the recess.

Clause 16. The foot support system according to Clause 15, wherein thefluid distributor includes or is attached to a lateral cage componentthat engages at least one of the first sole member or another solemember.

Clause 17. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to16, wherein an exposed exterior surface of the fluid distributorincludes a user input system that receives input triggering anadjustment of pressure in the foot support bladder.

Clause 18. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to17, wherein the fluid distributor includes an antenna for receiving userinput in a wireless manner from a remote device.

Clause 19. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to18, wherein the fluid distributor is engaged with the exterior surfaceof the first sole member at a lateral side heel portion of the firstsole member.

Clause 20. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to18, wherein the foot support bladder is located at least in a forefootsupport region of the foot support system.

Clause 21. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to19, wherein the foot support bladder is located in a forefoot supportregion of the foot support system and the fluid container is located ina heel support region of the foot support system.

Clause 22. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to19, wherein the foot support bladder is located in a heel support regionof the foot support system and the fluid container is located in aforefoot support region of the foot support system.

Clause 23. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to19, wherein the foot support bladder is located at least in a heelsupport region of the foot support system.

Clause 24. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to19, wherein the fluid container is located at least in a forefootsupport region of the foot support system.

Clause 25. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to19, wherein the fluid container is located at least in a heel supportregion of the foot support system.

Clause 26. An article of footwear, comprising:

-   -   an upper; and    -   a foot support system according to any one of Clauses 1 to 25        engaged with the upper.

Clause 27. The article of footwear according to Clause 26, wherein aportion of the fluid distributor is engaged with the upper.

Clause 28. An article of footwear, comprising:

-   -   a upper;    -   a first sole member engaged with the upper;    -   a foot support bladder engaged with the first sole member;    -   a fluid container engaged with at least one of the upper or the        first sole member; and    -   a fluid distributor engaged with at least one of the upper or        the first sole member, wherein the fluid distributor        includes: (a) an inlet for receiving fluid from a fluid        supply, (b) a first fluid pathway for transferring fluid to the        external environment, (c) a second fluid pathway in fluid        communication with the foot support bladder, and (d) a third        fluid pathway in fluid communication with the fluid container.

Clause 29. The article of footwear according to Clause 28, furthercomprising a fluid supply including a first pump, wherein an inlet ofthe first pump is in fluid communication with the external environmentand an outlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with the inletof the fluid distributor.

Clause 30. The article of footwear according to Clause 28, furthercomprising a fluid supply including a first pump and a second pump,wherein an inlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with theexternal environment, wherein an outlet of the first pump is in fluidcommunication with an inlet of the second pump, and wherein an outlet ofthe second pump is in fluid communication with the inlet of the fluiddistributor.

Clause 31. The article of footwear according to Clause 30, wherein thesecond pump is a foot activated pump.

Clause 32. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 29 to31, further comprising a fluid line including a first end and a secondend, wherein the first end is in fluid communication with the externalenvironment and the second end is in fluid communication with the inletof the first pump.

Clause 33. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 29 to32, wherein the first pump is a foot activated pump.

Clause 34. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to33, wherein the fluid distributor includes a housing having: (a) a firstport opening into the first fluid pathway, (b) a second port openinginto the second fluid pathway, and (c) a third port opening into thethird fluid pathway.

Clause 35. The article of footwear according to Clause 34, wherein thefirst port, the second port, and the third port are aligned on a sidesurface of the housing.

Clause 36. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to35, wherein the fluid distributor includes a housing having: (a) theinlet, (b) a first port opening into the first fluid pathway, (c) asecond port opening into the second fluid pathway, and (d) a third portopening into the third fluid pathway.

Clause 37. The article of footwear according to Clause 36, wherein theinlet, the first port, the second port, and the third port are alignedon a side surface of the housing.

Clause 38. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to37, wherein the fluid container includes a fluid filled bladder.

Clause 39. The article of footwear according to Clause 38, wherein atleast a portion of the fluid filled bladder extends beneath a bottomsurface of the foot support bladder.

Clause 40. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 toClause 39, further comprising a second sole member engaged with thefluid container.

Clause 41. The article of footwear according to Clause 40, wherein aheel support portion of the second sole member engages a heel supportportion of the first sole member.

Clause 42. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to41, wherein an exterior surface of the first sole member includes arecess defined therein, and wherein at least a portion of the fluiddistributor is received in the recess.

Clause 43. The article of footwear according to Clause 42, wherein thefluid distributor includes or is engaged with a lateral cage componentthat engages at least one of the first sole member or another solemember.

Clause 44. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to43, wherein an exposed exterior surface of the fluid distributorincludes a user input system that receives input triggering anadjustment of pressure in the foot support bladder.

Clause 45. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to44, wherein the fluid distributor includes an antenna for receiving userinput in a wireless manner from a remote device.

Clause 46. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to45, wherein the foot support bladder is located at least in a forefootsupport region of the article of footwear.

Clause 47. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to45, wherein the foot support bladder is located in a forefoot supportregion of the article of footwear and the fluid container is located ina heel support region of the article of footwear.

Clause 48. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to45, wherein the foot support bladder is located in a heel support regionof the article of footwear and the fluid container is located in aforefoot support region of the article of footwear.

Clause 49. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to45, wherein the foot support bladder is located at least in a heelsupport region of the article of footwear.

Clause 50. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to45, wherein the fluid container is located at least in a forefootsupport region of the article of footwear.

Clause 51. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to45, wherein the fluid container is located at least in a heel supportregion of the article of footwear.

Clause 52. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to51, wherein the fluid distributor is engaged with an exterior surface ofthe first sole member at a lateral side heel portion of the first solemember.

Clause 53. The article of footwear according to any one of Clauses 28 to52, wherein the fluid distributor is engaged with the upper at a rearheel area of the upper.

Clause 54. The article of footwear according to Clause 53, wherein therear heel area of the upper includes a receptacle attached to one ormore rear heel upper components, and wherein the fluid distributor isreceived in the receptacle.

Clause 55. A fluid flow control system for an article of footwear,comprising:

-   -   a valve housing;    -   a valve stem movably mounted in the valve housing, wherein the        valve stem includes a first end, a second end, and a perimeter        wall extending between the first end and the second end, wherein        the first end, the second end, and the perimeter wall define an        internal chamber of the valve stem, and wherein the perimeter        wall of the valve stem includes a plurality of through holes        extending from the internal chamber to an exterior surface of        the perimeter wall;    -   a fluid inlet port in fluid communication with the internal        chamber; and    -   a manifold in fluid communication with the valve housing,        wherein the manifold includes a first fluid flow path that        extends through the manifold to a first manifold port, a second        fluid flow path that extends through the manifold to a second        manifold port, and a third fluid flow path that extends through        the manifold to a third manifold port,    -   wherein movement of the valve stem to a plurality of positions        selectively places the fluid flow control system in a plurality        of operational states by placing one or more of the plurality of        through holes in fluid communication with the first fluid flow        path, the second fluid flow path, or the third fluid flow path.

Clause 56. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 55, whereinthe plurality of operational states includes two or more of:

-   -   (a) a first operational state at a first position of the valve        stem in which fluid introduced into the internal chamber through        the fluid inlet port passes through the perimeter wall and into        the first fluid flow path,    -   (b) a second operational state at a second position of the valve        stem in which fluid introduced into the internal chamber through        the fluid inlet port passes through the perimeter wall and into        the second fluid flow path,    -   (c) a third operational state at a third position of the valve        stem in which fluid passes through the second fluid flow path,        through the perimeter wall, through the internal chamber,        through the perimeter wall, and into the first fluid flow path,    -   (d) a fourth operational state at a fourth position of the valve        stem in which fluid passes through the third fluid flow path,        through the perimeter wall, through the internal chamber,        through the perimeter wall, and into the first fluid flow path,    -   (e) a fifth operational state at a fifth position of the valve        stem in which fluid passes through the third fluid flow path,        through the perimeter wall, through the internal chamber,        through the perimeter wall, and into the second fluid flow path,        and    -   (f) a sixth operational state at a sixth position of the valve        stem in which fluid introduced into the internal chamber through        the fluid inlet port passes through the perimeter wall and into        the third fluid flow path.

Clause 57. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 55 or 56,wherein the first manifold port, the second manifold port, and the thirdmanifold port align along an exterior side of the manifold.

Clause 58. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses55 to 57, wherein the fluid inlet port introduces fluid to the internalchamber at the second end of the valve stem.

Clause 59. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses55 to 58, further comprising a sealing connector engaging the manifoldand the valve housing.

Clause 60. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 59, whereinthe sealing connector includes a seal block body having a first sealedchannel extending from the perimeter wall to the first fluid flow path,a second sealed channel extending from the perimeter wall to the secondfluid flow path, and a third sealed channel extending from the perimeterwall to the third fluid flow path.

Clause 61. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 60, whereinthe first sealed channel, the second sealed channel, and the thirdsealed channel extend in parallel directions through the seal blockbody.

Clause 62. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 60 or 61,wherein axial directions of the first sealed channel, the second sealedchannel, and the third sealed channel are aligned in the seal blockbody.

Clause 63. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses60 to 62, wherein an outer surface of the seal block body includes afirst opening that opens to the first sealed channel, a second openingthat opens to the second sealed channel, and a third opening that opensto the third sealed channel, and wherein at each of the plurality ofoperational states, an extent of alignment of the first opening, thesecond opening, and/or the third opening with one or more of theplurality of through holes in the perimeter wall of the valve stem isadjustable to allow control over a rate of fluid flow through thesealing connector.

Clause 64. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 59, whereinthe sealing connector includes a first opening that opens to a firstsealed channel, and wherein in at least one of the plurality ofoperational states, an extent of alignment of the first opening with oneof the plurality of through holes in the perimeter wall of the valvestem is adjustable to allow control over a rate of fluid flow throughthe sealing connector.

Clause 65. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses55 to 64, further comprising a housing containing at least the valvehousing, the valve stem, the manifold, and the sealing connector.

Clause 66. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses55 to 65, further comprising a drive system engaged at the first end ofthe valve stem, wherein the drive system moves the valve stem at leastto the plurality of positions.

Clause 67. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 66, whereinthe drive system includes a motor.

Clause 68. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 67, whereinthe drive system further includes a transmission operatively coupledbetween an output of the motor and the first end of the valve stem.

Clause 69. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses66 to 68, further comprising a housing containing at least the valvehousing, the valve stem, the manifold, and the drive system.

Clause 70. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses66 to 68, further comprising a power source for powering the drivesystem.

Clause 71. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 70, whereinthe power source includes a battery.

Clause 72. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 70 or 71,further comprising a housing containing at least the valve housing, thevalve stem, the manifold, the drive system, and the power source.

Clause 73. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses55 to 72, further comprising a sensor for determining a position of thevalve stem with respect to the valve housing.

Clause 74. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 73, whereinthe sensor includes a magnetic encoder.

Clause 75. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 73 or 74,further comprising a housing containing at least the valve housing, thevalve stem, the manifold, and the sensor.

Clause 76. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses55 to 75, further comprising a first pressure sensor engaged with themanifold for determining fluid pressure in at least one of the firstfluid flow path, the second fluid flow path, or the third fluid flowpath.

Clause 77. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 76, whereinthe first pressure sensor is provided to determine fluid pressure in thethird fluid flow path, and wherein the fluid flow control system furthercomprises a second pressure sensor engaged with the manifold fordetermining fluid pressure in at least one of the first fluid flow pathor the second fluid flow path.

Clause 78. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses55 to 77, further comprising a housing containing at least the valvehousing, the valve stem, and the manifold.

Clause 79. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 78, furthercomprising a connector engaged with the housing and including: (a) afirst connector fluid path extending through the connector and connectedto the first manifold port, (b) a second connector fluid path extendingthrough the connector and connected to the second manifold port, and (c)a third connector fluid path extending through the connector andconnected to the third manifold port.

Clause 80. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 79, whereinthe connector further includes a fourth connector fluid path extendingthrough the connector and in fluid communication with the fluid inletport.

Clause 81. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 80, furthercomprising a first pump located in a fluid path between the connectorand the fluid inlet port.

Clause 82. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 81, furthercomprising a second pump located in the fluid path between the connectorand the fluid inlet port.

Clause 83. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 82, whereinan outlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with an inlet ofthe second pump, and wherein an outlet of the second pump is in fluidcommunication with the fluid inlet port.

Clause 84. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses80 to 83, wherein the fourth connector fluid path is in fluidcommunication with an external environment to intake external fluid fromthe external environment.

Clause 85. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 84, furthercomprising a filter to filter the external fluid before the externalfluid enters the fourth connector fluid path.

Clause 86. A fluid flow control system for an article of footwear,comprising:

-   -   a manifold including: (a) a fluid inlet path that extends        through the manifold to a fluid inlet port, (b) a first fluid        flow path that extends through the manifold to a first manifold        port, (c) a second fluid flow path that extends through the        manifold to a second manifold port, and (d) a third fluid flow        path that extends through the manifold to a third manifold port;    -   a valve housing in fluid communication with the manifold,        wherein the valve housing includes a fluid intake path in fluid        communication with the fluid inlet path of the manifold; and    -   a valve stem rotatably mounted in the valve housing, wherein the        valve stem includes a first end, a second end, and a perimeter        wall extending between the first end and the second end, wherein        the first end, the second end, and the perimeter wall define an        internal chamber of the valve stem, and wherein the fluid intake        path of the valve housing is in fluid communication with the        internal chamber of the valve stem,    -   wherein rotation of the valve stem to a plurality of rotational        positions selectively places the fluid flow control system in a        plurality of operational states including the following:    -   (a) a first operational state at a first rotational position of        the valve stem in which fluid introduced into the internal        chamber through the fluid intake path passes through a first        through hole of the perimeter wall and into the first fluid flow        path,    -   (b) a second operational state at a second rotational position        of the valve stem in which fluid introduced into the internal        chamber through the fluid intake path passes through a second        through hole of the perimeter wall and into the second fluid        flow path,    -   (c) a third operational state at a third rotational position of        the valve stem in which fluid passes through the second fluid        flow path, through a third through hole of the perimeter wall,        through the internal chamber, through a fourth through hole of        the perimeter wall, and into the first fluid flow path,    -   (d) a fourth operational state at a fourth rotational position        of the valve stem in which fluid passes through the third fluid        flow path, through a fifth through hole of the perimeter wall,        through the internal chamber, through a sixth through hole of        the perimeter wall, and into the first fluid flow path,    -   (e) a fifth operational state at a fifth rotational position of        the valve stem in which fluid passes through the third fluid        flow path, through a seventh through hole of the perimeter wall,        through the internal chamber, through an eighth sixth through        hole of the perimeter wall, and into the second fluid flow path,        and    -   (f) a sixth operational state at a sixth rotational position of        the valve stem in which fluid introduced into the internal        chamber through the fluid intake path passes through a ninth        through hole of the perimeter wall and into the third fluid flow        path.

Clause 87. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 86, whereinthe fluid inlet port, the first manifold port, the second manifold port,and the third manifold port align along an exterior side of themanifold.

Clause 88. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 86 or 87,wherein the fluid intake path introduces fluid to the internal chamberat the second end of the valve stem.

Clause 89. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses86 to 88, further comprising a sealing connector engaging the manifoldand the valve housing.

Clause 90. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 89, whereinthe sealing connector includes a seal block body having a first sealedchannel extending from the perimeter wall to the first fluid flow path,a second sealed channel extending from the perimeter wall to the secondfluid flow path, and a third sealed channel extending from the perimeterwall to the third fluid flow path.

Clause 91. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 90, whereinthe first sealed channel, the second sealed channel, and the thirdsealed channel extend in parallel directions through the seal blockbody.

Clause 92. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 90 or 91,wherein axial directions of the first sealed channel, the second sealedchannel, and the third sealed channel are aligned in the seal blockbody.

Clause 93. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses90 to 92, wherein an outer surface of the seal block body includes afirst opening that opens to the first sealed channel, a second openingthat opens to the second sealed channel, and a third opening that opensto the third sealed channel, and wherein at each of the first rotationalposition, the second rotational position, the third rotational position,the fourth rotational position, the fifth rotational position, and thesixth rotational position, an extent of rotational alignment of thefirst opening, the second opening, and/or the third opening of the sealblock body with respect to at least one of the through holes in theperimeter wall of the valve stem is adjustable to allow control over arate of fluid flow through the sealing connector.

Clause 94. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 89, whereinthe sealing connector includes a first opening that opens to a firstsealed channel, and wherein in at least one of the plurality ofoperational states, an extent of alignment of the first opening with oneof the through holes in the perimeter wall of the valve stem isadjustable to allow control over a rate of fluid flow through thesealing connector.

Clause 95. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses86 to 94, further comprising a rotational drive system engaged at thefirst end of the valve stem, wherein the rotational drive system movesthe valve stem at least to the plurality of rotational positions.

Clause 96. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 95, whereinthe rotational drive system includes a motor.

Clause 97. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 96, whereinthe rotational drive system further includes a transmission operativelycoupled between an output of the motor and the first end of the valvestem.

Clause 98. The fluid flow control system according to any one of Clauses95 to 97, further comprising a power source for powering the rotationaldrive system.

Clause 99. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 98, whereinthe power source includes a battery.

Clause 100. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 86 to 99, further comprising a sensor for determining arotational position of the valve stem.

Clause 101. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 100,wherein the sensor includes a magnetic encoder.

Clause 102. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 86 to 101, further comprising a first pressure sensor engagedwith the manifold for determining fluid pressure in at least one of thefirst fluid flow path, the second fluid flow path, or the third fluidflow path.

Clause 103. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 102,wherein the first pressure sensor is provided to determine fluidpressure in the third fluid flow path, and wherein the fluid flowcontrol system further comprises a second pressure sensor engaged withthe manifold for determining fluid pressure in at least one of the firstfluid flow path or the second fluid flow path.

Clause 104. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 86 to 103, further comprising a housing containing at least themanifold, the valve housing, and the valve stem.

Clause 105. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 104,further comprising a connector engaged with the housing and including:(a) a first connector fluid path extending through the connector andconnected to the first manifold port, (b) a second connector fluid pathextending through the connector and connected to the second manifoldport, and (c) a third connector fluid path extending through theconnector and connected to the third manifold port.

Clause 106. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 105,wherein the connector further includes a fourth connector fluid pathextending through the connector and in fluid communication with thefluid inlet port.

Clause 107. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 106,further comprising a first pump located in a fluid path between theconnector and the fluid inlet port.

Clause 108. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 107,further comprising a second pump located in the fluid path between theconnector and the fluid inlet port.

Clause 109. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 108,wherein an outlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with aninlet of the second pump, and wherein an outlet of the second pump is influid communication with the fluid inlet port.

Clause 110. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 106 to 109, wherein the fourth connector fluid path is in fluidcommunication with an external environment to intake external fluid fromthe external environment.

Clause 111. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 110,further comprising a filter to filter the external fluid before theexternal fluid enters the fourth connector fluid path.

Clause 112. A foot support system, comprising:

-   -   a foot support bladder;    -   a fluid container; and    -   a fluid flow control system according to any of Clauses 55 to        111 for moving fluid into and out of the foot support bladder        and into and out of the fluid container.

Clause 113. An article of footwear, comprising:

-   -   an upper;    -   a sole structure engaged with the upper; and    -   a foot support system according to Clause 112, wherein the foot        support bladder is engaged with or formed as part of the sole        structure.

Clause 114. A foot support system for an article of footwear,comprising:

-   -   a foot support bladder;    -   a fluid container;    -   a fluid supply;    -   a valve housing;    -   a valve stem movably mounted in the valve housing, wherein the        valve stem includes a first end, a second end, and a perimeter        wall extending between the first end and the second end, wherein        the first end, the second end, and the perimeter wall define an        internal chamber of the valve stem, and wherein the perimeter        wall of the valve stem includes a plurality of through holes        extending from the internal chamber to an exterior surface of        the perimeter wall;    -   a fluid inlet port placing the fluid supply in fluid        communication with the internal chamber; and    -   a manifold including: (a) a first manifold port in fluid        communication with an external environment and opening into a        first fluid flow path extending through the manifold, (b) a        second manifold port in fluid communication with the foot        support bladder and opening into a second fluid flow path        extending through the manifold, and (c) a third manifold port in        fluid communication with the fluid container and opening into a        third fluid flow path extending through the manifold,    -   wherein movement of the valve stem to a plurality of positions        selectively places the foot support system in a plurality of        operational states by placing one or more of the plurality of        through holes of the valve stem in fluid communication with the        first fluid flow path, the second fluid flow path, or the third        fluid flow path.

Clause 115. The foot support system according to Clause 114, wherein theplurality of operational states includes two or more of:

-   -   (a) a first operational state at a first position of the valve        stem in which fluid moves from the fluid supply, through the        fluid inlet port, into the internal chamber, through the first        fluid flow path, through the first manifold port, and to the        external environment,    -   (b) a second operational state at a second position of the valve        stem in which fluid moves from the fluid supply, through the        fluid inlet port, into the internal chamber, through the second        fluid flow path, through the second manifold port, and into the        foot support bladder,    -   (c) a third operational state at a third position of the valve        stem in which fluid moves from the foot support bladder, through        the second manifold port, through the second fluid flow path,        into the internal chamber, through the first fluid flow path,        through the first manifold port, and into the external        environment,    -   (d) a fourth operational state at a fourth position of the valve        stem in which fluid moves from the fluid container, through the        third manifold port, through the third fluid flow path, into the        internal chamber, through the first fluid flow path, through the        first manifold port, and to the external environment,    -   (e) a fifth operational state at a fifth position of the valve        stem in which fluid moves from the fluid container, through the        third manifold port, into the internal chamber, through the        second fluid flow path, through the second manifold port, and        into the foot support bladder, and    -   (f) a sixth operational state at a sixth position of the valve        stem in which fluid moves from the fluid supply, through the        fluid inlet port, into the internal chamber, through the third        fluid flow path, through the third manifold port, and into the        fluid container.

Clause 116. The foot support system according to Clause 114 or 115,wherein the first manifold port, the second manifold port, and the thirdmanifold port align along an exterior side of the manifold.

Clause 117. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 114to 116, wherein the fluid inlet port introduces fluid to the internalchamber at the second end of the valve stem.

Clause 118. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 114to 117, further comprising a sealing connector engaging the manifold andthe valve housing.

Clause 119. The foot support system according to Clause 118, wherein thesealing connector includes a seal block body having a first sealedchannel extending from the perimeter wall to the first fluid flow path,a second sealed channel extending from the perimeter wall to the secondfluid flow path, and a third sealed channel extending from the perimeterwall to the third fluid flow path.

Clause 120. The foot support system according to Clause 119, wherein thefirst sealed channel, the second sealed channel, and the third sealedchannel extend in parallel directions through the seal block body and/orare aligned in the seal block body.

Clause 121. The foot support system according to Clause 119 or 120,wherein an outer surface of the seal block body includes a first openingthat opens to the first sealed channel, a second opening that opens tothe second sealed channel, and a third opening that opens to the thirdsealed channel, and wherein at each of the plurality of operationalstates, an extent of alignment of the first opening, the second opening,and/or the third opening with one or more of the plurality of throughholes in the perimeter wall of the valve stem is adjustable to allowcontrol over a rate of fluid flow through the sealing connector.

Clause 122. The foot support system according to Clause 118, wherein thesealing connector includes a first opening that opens to a first sealedchannel, and wherein in at least one of the plurality of operationalstates, an extent of alignment of the first opening with one of theplurality of through holes in the perimeter wall of the valve stem isadjustable to allow control over a rate of fluid flow through thesealing connector.

Clause 123. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 114to 122, further comprising a drive system engaged at the first end ofthe valve stem, wherein the drive system moves the valve stem at leastto the plurality of positions.

Clause 124. The foot support system according to Clause 123, wherein thedrive system includes a motor.

Clause 125. The foot support system according to Clause 124, wherein thedrive system further includes a transmission operatively coupled betweenan output of the motor and the first end of the valve stem.

Clause 126. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 123to 125, further comprising a power source for powering the drive system.

Clause 127. The foot support system according to Clause 126, wherein thepower source includes a battery.

Clause 128. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 114to 127, further comprising a sensor for determining a position of thevalve stem with respect to the valve housing.

Clause 129. The foot support system according to Clause 128, wherein thesensor includes a magnetic encoder.

Clause 130. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 114to 129, further comprising a first pressure sensor engaged with themanifold for determining fluid pressure in at least one of the firstfluid flow path, the second fluid flow path, or the third fluid flowpath.

Clause 131. The foot support system according to Clause 130, wherein thefirst pressure sensor is provided to determine fluid pressure in thethird fluid flow path, and wherein the foot support system furthercomprises a second pressure sensor engaged with the manifold fordetermining fluid pressure in at least one of the first fluid flow pathor the second fluid flow path.

Clause 132. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 114to 131, further comprising a housing containing at least the valvehousing, the valve stem, and the manifold.

Clause 133. The foot support system according to Clause 132, furthercomprising a connector engaged with the housing and including: (a) afirst connector fluid path extending through the connector and connectedto the first manifold port, (b) a second connector fluid path extendingthrough the connector and connected to the second manifold port, and (c)a third connector fluid path extending through the connector andconnected to the third manifold port.

Clause 134. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 114to 133, further comprising a fluid supply line extending from the fluidsupply to the fluid inlet port.

Clause 135. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 114to 134, further comprising a fluid line extending from the firstmanifold port to the external environment.

Clause 136. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 114to 135, further comprising a foot support fluid line extending from thefoot support bladder to the second manifold port.

Clause 137. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 114to 136, further comprising a container fluid line extending from thefluid container to the third manifold port.

Clause 138. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 114to 137, wherein the fluid supply includes a first pump in fluidcommunication with the fluid inlet port.

Clause 139. The foot support system according to Clause 138, wherein thefluid supply includes a second pump in fluid communication with thefluid inlet port.

Clause 140. The foot support system according to Clause 138, wherein anoutlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with an inlet of thesecond pump, and wherein an outlet of the second pump is in fluidcommunication with the fluid inlet port.

Clause 141. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 138to 140, wherein an inlet of the first pump is in fluid communicationwith the external environment.

Clause 142. The foot support system according to Clause 141, furthercomprising a filter to filter external fluid before the external fluidenters the first pump.

Clause 143. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 138to 142, further comprising an external fluid supply line supply fluidfrom the external environment to the first pump.

Clause 144. An article of footwear, comprising:

-   -   an upper; and    -   a foot support system according to any one of Clauses 114 to 143        engaged with the upper.

Clause 145. A foot support system, comprising:

-   -   a foot support bladder;    -   a fluid container;    -   a fluid supply;    -   a manifold including: (a) a fluid inlet port in fluid        communication with the fluid supply and opening into a fluid        inlet path extending through the manifold, (b) a first manifold        port in fluid communication with an external environment and        opening into a first fluid flow path extending through the        manifold, (c) a second manifold port in fluid communication with        the foot support bladder and opening into a second fluid flow        path extending through the manifold, and (d) a third manifold        port in fluid communication with the fluid container and opening        into a third fluid flow path extending through the manifold;    -   a valve housing in fluid communication with the manifold,        wherein the valve housing includes a fluid intake path in fluid        communication with the fluid inlet path of the manifold; and    -   a valve stem rotatably mounted in the valve housing, wherein the        valve stem includes a first end, a second end, and a perimeter        wall extending between the first end and the second end, wherein        the first end, the second end, and the perimeter wall define an        internal chamber of the valve stem, and wherein the fluid intake        path of the valve housing is in fluid communication with the        internal chamber of the valve stem,    -   wherein rotation of the valve stem to a plurality of rotational        positions selectively places the foot support system in a        plurality of operational states including the following:    -   (a) a first operational state at a first rotational position of        the valve stem in which fluid moves from the fluid supply,        through the fluid inlet port, into the internal chamber, through        the first fluid flow path, through the first manifold port, and        to the external environment,    -   (b) a second operational state at a second rotational position        of the valve stem in which fluid moves from the fluid supply,        through the fluid inlet port, into the internal chamber, through        the second fluid flow path, through the second manifold port,        and into the foot support bladder,    -   (c) a third operational state at a third rotational position of        the valve stem in which fluid moves from the foot support        bladder, through the second manifold port, through the second        fluid flow path, into the internal chamber, through the first        fluid flow path, through the first manifold port, and to the        external environment,    -   (d) a fourth operational state at a fourth rotational position        of the valve stem in which fluid moves from the fluid container,        through the third manifold port, through the third fluid flow        path, into the internal chamber, through the first fluid flow        path, through the first manifold port, and to the external        environment,    -   (e) a fifth operational state at a fifth rotational position of        the valve stem in which fluid moves from the fluid container,        through the third manifold port, into the internal chamber,        through the second fluid flow path, through the second manifold        port, and into the foot support bladder, and    -   (f) a sixth operational state at a sixth rotational position of        the valve stem in which fluid moves from the fluid supply,        through the fluid inlet port, into the internal chamber, through        the third fluid flow path, through the third manifold port, and        into the fluid container.

Clause 146. The foot support system according to Clause 145, wherein thefluid container includes a fluid filled bladder.

Clause 147. The foot support system according to Clause 145 or 146,wherein the fluid supply includes a first pump in fluid communicationwith the fluid inlet port.

Clause 148. The foot support system according to Clause 147, wherein thefluid supply includes a second pump in fluid communication with thefluid inlet port.

Clause 149. The foot support system according to Clause 148, wherein anoutlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with an inlet of thesecond pump, and wherein an outlet of the second pump is in fluidcommunication with the fluid inlet port.

Clause 150. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 147to 149, wherein an inlet of the first pump is in fluid communicationwith the external environment.

Clause 151. The foot support system according to Clause 150, furthercomprising a filter to filter external fluid before the external fluidenters the first pump.

Clause 152. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 147to 149, further comprising an external fluid supply line supplying fluidfrom the external environment to the first pump.

Clause 153. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 145to 152, wherein the fluid inlet port, the first manifold port, thesecond manifold port, and the third manifold port align along anexterior side of the manifold.

Clause 154. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 145to 153, wherein the fluid intake path introduces fluid to the internalchamber at the second end of the valve stem.

Clause 155. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 145to 154, further comprising a sealing connector engaging the manifold andthe valve housing.

Clause 156. The foot support system according to Clause 155, wherein thesealing connector includes a seal block body having a first sealedchannel extending from the perimeter wall to the first fluid flow path,a second sealed channel extending from the perimeter wall to the secondfluid flow path, and a third sealed channel extending from the perimeterwall to the third fluid flow path.

Clause 157. The foot support system according to Clause 156, wherein thefirst sealed channel, the second sealed channel, and the third sealedchannel extend in parallel directions through the seal block body and/orare aligned in the seal block body.

Clause 158. The foot support system according to Clause 156 or 157,wherein an outer surface of the seal block body includes a first openingthat opens to the first sealed channel, a second opening that opens tothe second sealed channel, and a third opening that opens to the thirdsealed channel, and wherein at each of the first rotational position,the second rotational position, the third rotational position, thefourth rotational position, the fifth rotational position, and the sixthrotational position, an extent of rotational alignment of the firstopening, the second opening, and/or the third opening of the seal blockwith respect to at least one through hole in the perimeter wall of thevalve stem is adjustable to allow control over a rate of fluid flowthrough the sealing connector.

Clause 159. The foot support system according to Clause 155, wherein thesealing connector includes a first opening that opens to a first sealedchannel, and wherein in at least one of the plurality of operationalstates, an extent of alignment of the first opening with a through holesin the perimeter wall of the valve stem is adjustable to allow controlover a rate of fluid flow through the sealing connector.

Clause 160. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 145to 159, further comprising a rotational drive system engaged at thefirst end of the valve stem, wherein the rotational drive system movesthe valve stem at least to the plurality of rotational positions.

Clause 161. The foot support system according to Clause 160, wherein therotational drive system includes a motor.

Clause 162. The foot support system according to Clause 161, wherein therotational drive system further includes a transmission operativelycoupled between an output of the motor and the first end of the valvestem.

Clause 163. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 160to 162, further comprising a power source for powering the rotationaldrive system.

Clause 164. The foot support system according to Clause 163, wherein thepower source includes a battery.

Clause 165. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 145to 164, further comprising a sensor for determining a rotationalposition of the valve stem.

Clause 166. The foot support system according to Clause 165, wherein thesensor includes a magnetic encoder.

Clause 167. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 145to 166, further comprising a first pressure sensor engaged with themanifold for determining fluid pressure in at least one of the firstfluid flow path, the second fluid flow path, or the third fluid flowpath.

Clause 168. The foot support system according to Clause 167, wherein thefirst pressure sensor is provided to determine fluid pressure in thethird fluid flow path, and wherein the foot support system furthercomprises a second pressure sensor engaged with the manifold fordetermining fluid pressure in at least one of the first fluid flow pathor the second fluid flow path.

Clause 169. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 145to 168, further comprising a housing containing at least the manifold,the valve housing, and the valve stem.

Clause 170. The foot support system according to Clause 169, furthercomprising a connector engaged with the housing and including: (a) afirst connector fluid path extending through the connector and connectedto the first manifold port, (b) a second connector fluid path extendingthrough the connector and connected to the second manifold port, and (c)a third connector fluid path extending through the connector andconnected to the third manifold port.

Clause 171. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 145to 170, further comprising a fluid supply line extending from the fluidsupply to the fluid inlet port.

Clause 172. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 145to 171, further comprising a fluid line extending from the firstmanifold port to the external environment.

Clause 173. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 145to 172, further comprising a foot support fluid line extending from thefoot support bladder to the second manifold port.

Clause 174. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 145to 173, further comprising a container fluid line extending from thefluid container to the third manifold port.

Clause 175. An article of footwear, comprising:

-   -   an upper; and    -   a foot support system according to any one of Clauses 145 to 174        engaged with the upper.

Clause 176. A fluid flow control system for an article of footwear,comprising:

-   -   a first solenoid including a first port and a second port and        switchable between an open configuration and a closed        configuration;    -   a second solenoid including a first port and a second port and        switchable between an open configuration and a closed        configuration;    -   a third solenoid including a first port and a second port and        switchable between an open configuration and a closed        configuration;    -   a fluid line in fluid communication with the first port of each        of the first solenoid, the second solenoid, and the third        solenoid; and    -   a manifold having: (a) a first manifold port in fluid        communication with the second port of the first solenoid, (b) a        second manifold port in fluid communication with the second port        of the second solenoid, and (c) a third manifold port in fluid        communication with the second port of the third solenoid,    -   wherein the first solenoid, the second solenoid, and the third        solenoid are independently switchable between their open        configuration and their closed configuration to selectively        place the fluid flow control system in a plurality of        operational states.

Clause 177. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 176,wherein the plurality of operational states includes two or more of:

-   -   (a) a first operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the open configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid line through the        second port of the first solenoid and to the first manifold        port,    -   (b) a second operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the closed configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid line through the        second port of the second solenoid and to the second manifold        port,    -   (c) a third operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the open configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the second manifold port,        through the second port of the second solenoid, through the        fluid line, through the second port of the first solenoid, and        to the first manifold port,    -   (d) a fourth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the open configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the third manifold port,        through the second port of the third solenoid, through the fluid        line, through the second port of the first solenoid, and to the        first manifold port,    -   (e) a fifth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the closed configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the third manifold port,        through the second port of the third solenoid, through the fluid        line, through the second port of the second solenoid, and to the        second manifold port,    -   (f) a sixth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the closed configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the fluid line through the        second port of the third solenoid and to the third manifold        port.

Clause 178. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 176 or177, wherein the first solenoid is a normally open latching solenoid,the second solenoid is a normally closed latching solenoid, and thethird solenoid is a normally closed latching solenoid.

Clause 179. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 176 to 178, wherein the first manifold port, the second manifoldport, and the third manifold port align along an exterior side of themanifold.

Clause 180. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 176 to 179, wherein the manifold includes a fluid inlet port influid communication with the fluid line.

Clause 181. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 180,wherein the fluid inlet port, the first manifold port, the secondmanifold port, and the third manifold port align along an exterior sideof the manifold.

Clause 182. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 176 to 181, further comprising a power source for switching thefirst solenoid, the second solenoid, and the third solenoid betweentheir open configuration and their closed configuration.

Clause 183. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 182,wherein the power source includes a battery.

Clause 184. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 176 to 183, further comprising a connector engaged with themanifold and including: (a) a first connector fluid path extendingthrough the connector and connected to the first manifold port, (b) asecond connector fluid path extending through the connector andconnected to the second manifold port, and (c) a third connector fluidpath extending through the connector and connected to the third manifoldport.

Clause 185. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 184,wherein the manifold includes a fluid inlet port in fluid communicationwith the fluid line, and wherein the connector further includes a fourthconnector fluid path in fluid communication with the fluid inlet port.

Clause 186. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 185,further comprising a first pump located in a fluid path between thefourth connector fluid path and the fluid inlet port.

Clause 187. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 186,further comprising a second pump located in the fluid path between thefourth connector fluid path and the fluid inlet port.

Clause 188. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 187,wherein an outlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with aninlet of the second pump, and wherein an outlet of the second pump is influid communication with the fluid inlet port.

Clause 189. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 185 to 188, wherein the fourth connector fluid path is in fluidcommunication with an external environment to intake external fluid fromthe external environment.

Clause 190. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 189,further comprising a filter to filter the external fluid before theexternal fluid enters the fourth connector fluid path.

Clause 191. A fluid flow control system for an article of footwear,comprising:

-   -   a manifold including: (a) a fluid inlet path that extends        through the manifold to a fluid inlet port, (b) a first fluid        flow path that extends through the manifold to a first manifold        port, (c) a second fluid flow path that extends through the        manifold to a second manifold port, and (d) a third fluid flow        path that extends through the manifold to a third manifold port;    -   a first solenoid including a first port and a second port and        switchable between an open configuration and a closed        configuration, wherein the second port of the first solenoid is        in fluid communication with the first manifold port via the        first fluid flow path;    -   a second solenoid including a first port and a second port and        switchable between an open configuration and a closed        configuration, wherein the second port of the second solenoid is        in fluid communication with the second manifold port via the        second fluid flow path;    -   a third solenoid including a first port and a second port and        switchable between an open configuration and a closed        configuration, wherein the second port of the third solenoid is        in fluid communication with the third manifold port via the        third fluid flow path; and    -   a fluid line in fluid communication with the first port of each        of the first solenoid, the second solenoid, and the third        solenoid and in fluid communication with the fluid inlet port        via the fluid inlet path,    -   wherein the first solenoid, the second solenoid, and the third        solenoid are independently switchable between their open        configuration and their closed configuration to selectively        place the fluid flow control system in a plurality of        operational states including the following:    -   (a) a first operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the open configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid inlet port, through        the fluid line, through the second port of the first solenoid,        and to the first manifold port,    -   (b) a second operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the closed configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid inlet port, through        the fluid line, through the second port of the second solenoid,        and to the second manifold port,    -   (c) a third operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the open configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the second manifold port,        through the second port of the second solenoid, through the        fluid line, through the second port of the first solenoid, and        to the first manifold port,    -   (d) a fourth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the open configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the third manifold port,        through the second port of the third solenoid, through the fluid        line, through the second port of the first solenoid, and to the        first manifold port,    -   (e) a fifth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the closed configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the third manifold port,        through the second port of the third solenoid, through the fluid        line, through the second port of the second solenoid, and to the        second manifold port, and    -   (f) a sixth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the closed configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the fluid inlet port, through        the fluid line, through the second port of the third solenoid,        and to the third manifold port.

Clause 192. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 191,wherein the fluid inlet port, the first manifold port, the secondmanifold port, and the third manifold port align along an exterior sideof the manifold.

Clause 193. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 191 or192, wherein the first solenoid is a normally open latching solenoid,the second solenoid is a normally closed latching solenoid, and thethird solenoid is a normally closed latching solenoid.

Clause 194. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 191 to 193, further comprising a power source for switching thefirst solenoid, the second solenoid, and the third solenoid betweentheir open configuration and their closed configuration.

Clause 195. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 194,wherein the power source includes a battery.

Clause 196. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 191 to 195, further comprising a connector engaged with themanifold and including: (a) a first connector fluid path extendingthrough the connector and connected to the first manifold port, (b) asecond connector fluid path extending through the connector andconnected to the second manifold port, (c) a third connector fluid pathextending through the connector and connected to the third manifoldport, and (d) a fourth connector fluid path extending through theconnector and connected to the fluid inlet port.

Clause 197. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 196,further comprising a first pump located in a fluid path between thefourth connector fluid path and the fluid inlet port.

Clause 198. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 197,further comprising a second pump located in the fluid path between thefourth connector fluid path and the fluid inlet port.

Clause 199. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 198,wherein an outlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with aninlet of the second pump, and wherein an outlet of the second pump is influid communication with the fluid inlet port.

Clause 200. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 196 to 199, wherein the fourth connector fluid path is in fluidcommunication with an external environment to intake external fluid fromthe external environment.

Clause 201. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 200,further comprising a filter to filter the external fluid before theexternal fluid enters the fourth connector fluid path.

Clause 202. A foot support system, comprising:

-   -   a foot support bladder;    -   a fluid container; and    -   a fluid flow control system according to any of Clauses 176 to        201 for moving fluid into and out of the foot support bladder        and into and out of the fluid container.

Clause 203. An article of footwear, comprising:

-   -   an upper;    -   a sole structure engaged with the upper; and    -   a foot support system according to Clause 202, wherein the foot        support bladder is engaged with or formed as part of the sole        structure.

Clause 204. A foot support system, comprising:

-   -   a foot support bladder;    -   a fluid container;    -   a fluid supply;    -   a first solenoid including a first port and a second port and        switchable between an open configuration and a closed        configuration;    -   a second solenoid including a first port and a second port and        switchable between an open configuration and a closed        configuration;    -   a third solenoid including a first port and a second port and        switchable between an open configuration and a closed        configuration;    -   a fluid line in fluid communication with the fluid supply and        with the first port of each of the first solenoid, the second        solenoid, and the third solenoid; and    -   a manifold having: (a) a first manifold port in fluid        communication with the second port of the first solenoid and        with an external environment, (b) a second manifold port in        fluid communication with the second port of the second solenoid        and with the foot support bladder, and (c) a third manifold port        in fluid communication with the second port of the third        solenoid and with the fluid container,    -   wherein the first solenoid, the second solenoid, and the third        solenoid are independently switchable between their open        configuration and their closed configuration to selectively        place the foot support system in a plurality of operational        states.

Clause 205. The foot support system according to Clause 204, wherein theplurality of operational states includes two or more of:

-   -   (a) a first operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the open configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid supply, into the        fluid line, through the second port of the first solenoid,        through the first manifold port, and to the external        environment,    -   (b) a second operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the closed configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid supply, into the        fluid line, through the second port of the second solenoid,        through the second manifold port, and into the foot support        bladder,    -   (c) a third operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the open configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the foot support bladder,        through the second manifold port, through the second port of the        second solenoid, through the fluid line, through the second port        of the first solenoid, through the first manifold port, and to        the external environment,    -   (d) a fourth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the open configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the fluid container, through        the third manifold port, through the second port of the third        solenoid, through the fluid line, through the second port of the        first solenoid, through the first manifold port, and to the        external environment,    -   (e) a fifth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the closed configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the fluid container, through        the third manifold port, through the second port of the third        solenoid, through the fluid line, through the second port of the        second solenoid, through the second manifold port, and into the        foot support bladder,    -   (f) a sixth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the closed configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from fluid supply, through the fluid        line, through the second port of the third solenoid, through the        third manifold port, and into the fluid container.

Clause 206. The foot support system according to Clause 204 or 205,wherein the first solenoid is a normally open latching solenoid, thesecond solenoid is a normally closed latching solenoid, and the thirdsolenoid is a normally closed latching solenoid.

Clause 207. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 204to 206, wherein the first manifold port, the second manifold port, andthe third manifold port align along an exterior side of the manifold.

Clause 208. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 204to 207, wherein the manifold includes a fluid inlet port in fluidcommunication with the fluid line and with the fluid supply.

Clause 209. The foot support system according to Clause 208, wherein thefluid inlet port, the first manifold port, the second manifold port, andthe third manifold port align along an exterior side of the manifold.

Clause 210. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 204to 209, further comprising a power source for switching the firstsolenoid, the second solenoid, and the third solenoid between their openconfiguration and their closed configuration.

Clause 211. The foot support system according to Clause 210, wherein thepower source includes a battery.

Clause 212. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 204to 211, wherein the fluid supply includes a first pump.

Clause 213. The foot support system according to Clause 212, wherein thefluid supply further includes a second pump.

Clause 214. The foot support system according to Clause 213, wherein anoutlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with an inlet of thesecond pump, and wherein an outlet of the second pump is in fluidcommunication with the fluid line.

Clause 215. An article of footwear, comprising:

-   -   an upper; and    -   a foot support system according to any one of Clauses 204 to 214        engaged with the upper.

Clause 216. A foot support system, comprising:

-   -   a foot support bladder;    -   a fluid container;    -   a fluid supply;    -   a manifold including: (a) a fluid inlet port in fluid        communication with the fluid supply and opening into a fluid        inlet path extending through the manifold, (b) a first manifold        port in fluid communication with an external environment and        opening into a first fluid flow path extending through the        manifold, (c) a second manifold port in fluid communication with        the foot support bladder and opening into a second fluid flow        path extending through the manifold, and (d) a third manifold        port in fluid communication with the fluid container and opening        into a third fluid flow path extending through the manifold; a        first solenoid including a first port and a second port and        switchable between an open configuration and a closed        configuration, wherein the second port of the first solenoid is        in fluid communication with the first manifold port via the        first fluid flow path;    -   a second solenoid including a first port and a second port and        switchable between an open configuration and a closed        configuration, wherein the second port of the second solenoid is        in fluid communication with the second manifold port via the        second fluid flow path;    -   a third solenoid including a first port and a second port and        switchable between an open configuration and a closed        configuration, wherein the second port of the third solenoid is        in fluid communication with the third manifold port via the        third fluid flow path; and    -   a fluid line in fluid communication with the first port of each        of the first solenoid, the second solenoid, and the third        solenoid and in fluid communication with the fluid inlet port        via the fluid inlet path,    -   wherein the first solenoid, the second solenoid, and the third        solenoid are independently switchable between their open        configuration and their closed configuration to selectively        place the foot support system in a plurality of operational        states including the following:    -   (a) a first operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the open configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid supply, through the        fluid inlet port, through the fluid line, through the second        port of the first solenoid, through the first manifold port, and        to the external environment,    -   (b) a second operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the closed configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid supply, through the        fluid inlet port, through the fluid line, through the second        port of the second solenoid, through the second manifold port,        and into the foot support bladder,    -   (c) a third operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the open configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the foot support bladder,        through the second manifold port, through the second port of the        second solenoid, through the fluid line, through the second port        of the first solenoid, through the first manifold port, and to        the external environment,    -   (d) a fourth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the open configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the fluid container, through        the third manifold port, through the second port of the third        solenoid, through the fluid line, through the second port of the        first solenoid, through the first manifold port, and to the        external environment,    -   (e) a fifth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the closed configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the fluid container, through        the third manifold port, through the second port of the third        solenoid, through the fluid line, through the second port of the        second solenoid, through the second manifold port, and into the        foot support bladder, and    -   (f) a sixth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the closed configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the fluid supply, through the        fluid inlet port, through the fluid line, through the second        port of the third solenoid, through the third manifold port, and        into the fluid container.

Clause 217. The foot support system according to Clause 216, wherein thefluid container includes a fluid filled bladder.

Clause 218. The foot support system according to Clause 216 or 217,wherein the fluid supply includes a first pump in fluid communicationwith the fluid inlet port.

Clause 219. The foot support system according to Clause 218, wherein thefluid supply includes a second pump in fluid communication with thefluid inlet port.

Clause 220. The foot support system according to Clause 219, wherein anoutlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with an inlet of thesecond pump, and wherein an outlet of the second pump is in fluidcommunication with the fluid inlet port.

Clause 221. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 218to 220, wherein an inlet of the first pump is in fluid communicationwith the external environment.

Clause 222. The foot support system according to Clause 221, furthercomprising a filter to filter external fluid before the external fluidenters the first pump.

Clause 223. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 218to 222, further comprising a fluid supply line extending from theexternal environment to the first pump.

Clause 224. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 216to 223, wherein the fluid inlet port, the first manifold port, thesecond manifold port, and the third manifold port align along anexterior side of the manifold.

Clause 225. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 216to 224, further comprising a power source for switching the firstsolenoid, the second solenoid, and the third solenoid between their openconfiguration and their closed configuration.

Clause 226. The foot support system according to Clause 225, wherein thepower source includes a battery.

Clause 227. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 216to 226, further comprising a fluid supply line extending from the fluidsupply to the fluid inlet port.

Clause 228. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 216to 227, further comprising a fluid line extending from the firstmanifold port to the external environment.

Clause 229. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 216to 228, further comprising a foot support fluid line extending from thefoot support bladder to the second manifold port.

Clause 230. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 216to 229, further comprising a container fluid line extending from thefluid container to the third manifold port.

Clause 231. An article of footwear, comprising:

-   -   an upper; and    -   a foot support system according to any one of Clauses 216 to 230        engaged with the upper.

Clause 232. A fluid flow control system for an article of footwear,comprising:

-   -   a first solenoid including a first port, a second port, and a        third port;    -   a second solenoid including a first port and a second port;    -   a fluid line in fluid communication with the first port of each        of the first solenoid and the second solenoid; and    -   a manifold having: (a) a first manifold port in fluid        communication with the second port of the first solenoid, (b) a        second manifold port in fluid communication with the third port        of the first solenoid, and (c) a third manifold port in fluid        communication with the second port of the second solenoid,    -   wherein the first solenoid is independently switchable to: (a) a        first configuration in which fluid flows through the first        solenoid between the first port and the second port and (b) a        second configuration in which fluid flows through the first        solenoid between the first port and the third port,    -   wherein the second solenoid is independently switchable between        an open configuration and a closed configuration,    -   and wherein simultaneous selective placement of: (a) the first        solenoid in one of the first configuration or the second        configuration and (b) the second solenoid in one of the open        configuration or the closed configuration selectively places the        fluid flow control system in a plurality of operational states.

Clause 233. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 232,wherein the plurality of operational states includes two or more of:

-   -   (a) a first operational state in which the first solenoid is in        first configuration and the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid line through the        first port of the first solenoid, through the second port of the        first solenoid, and to the first manifold port,    -   (b) a second operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the second configuration and the second solenoid is in the        closed configuration to move fluid from the fluid line, through        the first port of the first solenoid, through the third port of        the first solenoid, and to the second manifold port,    -   (c) a third operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the second configuration and the second solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the second manifold port,        through the third port of the first solenoid, through the first        port of the first solenoid, through the fluid line, through the        first port of the second solenoid, through the second port of        the second solenoid, and to the third manifold port, and    -   (d) a fourth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the first configuration and the second solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the third manifold port,        through the second port of the second solenoid, through the        first port of the second solenoid, through the fluid line,        through the first port of the first solenoid, through the second        port of the first solenoid, and to the first manifold port.

Clause 234. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 233,wherein the fluid flow control system is switchable to be selectivelyplaced in each of the first operational state, the second operationalstate, the third operational state, and the fourth operational state.

Clause 235. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 232,further comprising: a third solenoid including a first port and a secondport, wherein the fluid line is in fluid communication with the firstport of the third solenoid, and the second port of the third solenoid isin fluid communication with a fourth manifold port, and wherein thethird solenoid is independently switchable between an open configurationand a closed configuration.

Clause 236. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 235,wherein the plurality of operational states includes two or more of:

-   -   (a) a first operational state in which the first solenoid is in        first configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid line through the        first port of the first solenoid, through the second port of the        first solenoid, and to the first manifold port,    -   (b) a second operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the second configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid line, through the        first port of the first solenoid, through the third port of the        first solenoid, and to the second manifold port,    -   (c) a third operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the second configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the second manifold port,        through the third port of the first solenoid, through the first        port of the first solenoid, through the fluid line, through the        first port of the second solenoid, through the second port of        the second solenoid, and to the third manifold port,    -   (d) a fourth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the first configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the third manifold port,        through the second port of the second solenoid, through the        first port of the second solenoid, through the fluid line,        through the first port of the first solenoid, through the second        port of the first solenoid, and to the first manifold port,    -   (e) a fifth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the second configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the second manifold port,        through the third port of the first solenoid, through the first        port of the first solenoid, through the fluid line, through the        first port of the third solenoid, through the second port of the        third solenoid, and to the fourth manifold port, and    -   (f) a sixth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the first configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the fourth manifold port,        through the second port of the third solenoid, through the first        port of the third solenoid, through the fluid line, through the        first port of the first solenoid, through the second port of the        first solenoid, and to the first manifold port.

Clause 237. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 236,wherein the fluid flow control system is switchable to be selectivelyplaced in each of the first operational state, the second operationalstate, the third operational state, the fourth operational state, thefifth operational state, and the sixth operational state.

Clause 238. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 235 to 237, wherein the third solenoid is a normally closednon-latching solenoid.

Clause 239. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 232 to 238, wherein the first solenoid is a latching three port,two state solenoid and the second solenoid is a normally closednon-latching solenoid.

Clause 240. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 232 to 239, wherein the first manifold port, the second manifoldport, and the third manifold port align along an exterior side of themanifold.

Clause 241. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 232 to 240, wherein the manifold includes a fluid inlet port influid communication with the fluid line.

Clause 242. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 241,wherein the fluid inlet port, the first manifold port, the secondmanifold port, and the third manifold port align along an exterior sideof the manifold.

Clause 243. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 232 to 242, further comprising a power source for switching thefirst solenoid between the first configuration and the secondconfiguration and for holding the second solenoid in the openconfiguration.

Clause 244. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 243,wherein the power source includes a battery.

Clause 245. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 232 to 244, further comprising a connector engaged with themanifold and including: (a) a first connector fluid path extendingthrough the connector and connected to the first manifold port, (b) asecond connector fluid path extending through the connector andconnected to the second manifold port, and (c) a third connector fluidpath extending through the connector and connected to the third manifoldport.

Clause 246. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 245,wherein the manifold includes a fluid inlet port in fluid communicationwith the fluid line, and wherein the connector further includes a fourthconnector fluid path in fluid communication with the fluid inlet port.

Clause 247. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 246,further comprising a first pump located in a fluid path between thefourth connector fluid path and the fluid inlet port.

Clause 248. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 247,further comprising a second pump located in the fluid path between thefourth connector fluid path and the fluid inlet port.

Clause 249. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 248,wherein an outlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with aninlet of the second pump, and wherein an outlet of the second pump is influid communication with the fluid inlet port.

Clause 250. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 246 to 249, wherein the fourth connector fluid path is in fluidcommunication with an external environment to intake external fluid fromthe external environment.

Clause 251. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 250,further comprising a filter to filter the external fluid before theexternal fluid enters the fourth connector fluid path.

Clause 252. A foot support system, comprising:

-   -   a foot support bladder;    -   a fluid container; and    -   a fluid flow control system according to any of Clauses 232 to        251 for moving fluid into and out of the foot support bladder        and into and out of the fluid container.

Clause 253. An article of footwear, comprising:

-   -   an upper;    -   a sole structure engaged with the upper; and    -   a foot support system according to Clause 252, wherein the foot        support bladder is engaged with or formed as part of the sole        structure.

Clause 254. A foot support system, comprising:

-   -   a foot support bladder;    -   a fluid container;    -   a fluid supply;    -   a first solenoid including a first port, a second port, and a        third port;    -   a second solenoid including a first port and a second port;    -   a fluid line in fluid communication with the first port of each        of the first solenoid and the second solenoid; and    -   a manifold having: (a) a first manifold port in fluid        communication with the second port of the first solenoid, (b) a        second manifold port in fluid communication with the third port        of the first solenoid, and (c) a third manifold port in fluid        communication with the second port of the second solenoid,    -   wherein the first solenoid is independently switchable to: (a) a        first configuration in which fluid flows through the first        solenoid between the first port and the second port and (b) a        second configuration in which fluid flows through the first        solenoid between the first port and the third port,    -   wherein the second solenoid is independently switchable between        an open configuration and a closed configuration,    -   and wherein simultaneous selective placement of: (a) the first        solenoid in one of the first configuration or the second        configuration and (b) the second solenoid in one of the open        configuration or the closed configuration selectively places the        foot support system in a plurality of operational states.

Clause 255. The foot support system according to Clause 254, wherein theplurality of operational states includes two or more of:

-   -   (a) a first operational state in which the first solenoid is in        first configuration and the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid supply, into the        fluid line, through the first port of the first solenoid,        through the second port of the first solenoid, to the first        manifold port, and to an external environment,    -   (b) a second operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the second configuration and the second solenoid is in the        closed configuration to move fluid from the fluid supply, into        the fluid line, through the first port of the first solenoid,        through the third port of the first solenoid, through the second        manifold port, and into the fluid container,    -   (c) a third operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the second configuration and the second solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the fluid container, through        the second manifold port, through the third port of the first        solenoid, through the first port of the first solenoid, through        the fluid line, through the first port of the second solenoid,        through the second port of the second solenoid, through the        third manifold port, and into the foot support bladder, and    -   (d) a fourth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the first configuration and the second solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the foot support bladder,        through the third manifold port, through the second port of the        second solenoid, through the first port of the second solenoid,        through the fluid line, through the first port of the first        solenoid, through the second port of the first solenoid, to the        first manifold port, and into the external environment.

Clause 256. The foot support system according to Clause 255, wherein thefoot support system is switchable to be selectively placed in each ofthe first operational state, the second operational state, the thirdoperational state, and the fourth operational state.

Clause 257. The foot support system according to Clause 254, furthercomprising:

-   -   a second foot support bladder; and    -   a third solenoid including a first port and a second port,        wherein the fluid line is in fluid communication with the first        port of the third solenoid, and the second port of the third        solenoid is in fluid communication with a fourth manifold port,        and wherein the third solenoid is independently switchable        between an open configuration and a closed configuration.

Clause 258. The foot support system according to Clause 257, wherein theplurality of operational states includes two or more of:

-   -   (a) a first operational state in which the first solenoid is in        first configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid supply into the fluid        line, through the first port of the first solenoid, through the        second port of the first solenoid, through the first manifold        port, and to an external environment,    -   (b) a second operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the second configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid supply, into the        fluid line, through the first port of the first solenoid,        through the third port of the first solenoid, through the second        manifold port, and into the fluid container,    -   (c) a third operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the second configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the fluid container, through        the second manifold port, through the third port of the first        solenoid, through the first port of the first solenoid, through        the fluid line, through the first port of the second solenoid,        through the second port of the second solenoid, through the        third manifold port, and into the foot support bladder,    -   (d) a fourth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the first configuration, the second solenoid is in the open        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the closed        configuration to move fluid from the foot support bladder,        through the third manifold port, through the second port of the        second solenoid, through the first port of the second solenoid,        through the fluid line, through the first port of the first        solenoid, through the second port of the first solenoid, through        the first manifold port, and into the external environment,    -   (e) a fifth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the second configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the fluid container, through        the second manifold port, through the third port of the first        solenoid, through the first port of the first solenoid, through        the fluid line, through the first port of the third solenoid,        through the second port of the third solenoid, to the fourth        manifold port, and into the second foot support bladder, and    -   (f) a sixth operational state in which the first solenoid is in        the first configuration, the second solenoid is in the closed        configuration, and the third solenoid is in the open        configuration to move fluid from the second foot support        bladder, through the fourth manifold port, through the second        port of the third solenoid, through the first port of the third        solenoid, through the fluid line, through the first port of the        first solenoid, through the second port of the first solenoid,        to the first manifold port, and into the external environment.

Clause 259. The foot support system according to Clause 258, wherein thefoot support system is switchable to be selectively placed in each ofthe first operational state, the second operational state, the thirdoperational state, the fourth operational state, the fifth operationalstate, and the sixth operational state.

Clause 260. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 257to 259, wherein the third solenoid is a normally closed non-latchingsolenoid.

Clause 261. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 254to 260, wherein the first solenoid is a latching three port, two statesolenoid and the second solenoid is a normally closed non-latchingsolenoid.

Clause 262. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 254to 261, wherein the first manifold port, the second manifold port, andthe third manifold port align along an exterior side of the manifold.

Clause 263. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 254to 262, wherein the manifold includes a fluid inlet port in fluidcommunication with the fluid line and with the fluid supply.

Clause 264. The foot support system according to Clause 263, wherein thefluid inlet port, the first manifold port, the second manifold port, andthe third manifold port align along an exterior side of the manifold.

Clause 265. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 254to 264, further comprising a power source for switching the firstsolenoid between the first configuration and the second configurationand for holding the second solenoid in the open configuration.

Clause 266. The foot support system according to Clause 265, wherein thepower source includes a battery.

Clause 267. The foot support system according to any one of Clauses 254to 266, wherein the fluid supply includes a first pump.

Clause 268. The foot support system according to Clause 267, wherein thefluid supply further includes a second pump.

Clause 269. The foot support system according to Clause 268, wherein anoutlet of the first pump is in fluid communication with an inlet of thesecond pump, and wherein an outlet of the second pump is in fluidcommunication with the fluid line.

Clause 270. An article of footwear, comprising:

-   -   an upper; and    -   a foot support system according to any one of Clauses 254 to 269        engaged with the upper.

Clause 271. A button assembly, comprising:

-   -   a first button actuator;    -   an elastomer overmold material covering an actuator surface of        the first button actuator, wherein the elastomer overmold        material includes: (a) a first base portion having a first        thickness and (b) a first groove portion adjacent the first        button actuator, wherein the first groove portion has a second        thickness, wherein the second thickness is less than the first        thickness, and wherein the first base portion and the first        groove portion are formed as a continuous layer of the elastomer        overmold material.

Clause 272. The button assembly according to Clause 271, furthercomprising: a second button actuator, wherein the elastomer overmoldmaterial covers an actuator surface of the second button actuator,wherein the elastomer overmold material further includes: (a) a secondbase portion having a third thickness and (b) a second groove portionadjacent the second button actuator, wherein the second groove portionhas a fourth thickness, wherein the fourth thickness is less than thethird thickness, and wherein the second base portion and the secondgroove portion are formed as part of the continuous layer of theelastomer overmold material.

Clause 273. The button assembly according to Clause 272, wherein thefirst groove portion has a U-shape including two free ends, wherein thesecond groove portion has a U-shape including two free ends, and whereinthe two free ends of the first groove portion face the two free ends ofthe second groove portion.

Clause 274. The button assembly according to Clause 272 or 273, whereinforce applied to the actuator surface of the second button actuatorthrough the overmold material stretches the elastomer overmold materialforming the second groove portion.

Clause 275. The button assembly according to any one of Clauses 271 to274, wherein force applied to the actuator surface of the first buttonactuator through the overmold material stretches the elastomer overmoldmaterial forming the first groove portion.

Clause 276. A button assembly, comprising:

-   -   a capacitive touch activator for unlocking the button assembly;        and    -   a first physical switch button activator for receiving user        input.

Clause 277. The button assembly according to Clause 276, furthercomprising a second physical switch button activator for receiving userinput.

Clause 278. A fluid flow control system, comprising: (a) a firstfluid-filled bladder, (b) a fluid source for supplying fluid to thefirst fluid-filled bladder, (c) a housing, (d) a first fluid flow pathfor moving fluid from the fluid source to the first fluid-filledbladder, wherein the first fluid flow path passes through the housing,and (e) a button assembly according to any one of Clauses 271 to 277engaged or integrally formed with the housing, wherein user interactionwith the first button actuator activates the fluid flow control systemto change fluid pressure in the first fluid-filled bladder.

Clause 279. An article of footwear, comprising: an upper; a solestructure engaged with the upper; and a fluid flow control systemaccording to Clause 278, wherein the first fluid-filled bladder isengaged with the sole structure, and wherein the housing is engaged withat least one of the upper and/or the sole structure.

Clause 280. A sole structure for an article of footwear, comprising: (a)a first fluid-filled bladder for supporting at least a portion of aplantar surface of a wearer's foot, (b) a fluid source for supplyingfluid to the first fluid-filled bladder, (c) a housing, (d) a firstfluid flow path for moving fluid from the fluid source to the firstfluid-filled bladder, wherein the first fluid flow path passes throughthe housing, and (e) a button assembly according to any one of Clauses271 to 277 engaged or integrally formed with the housing, wherein userinteraction with the first button actuator activates the fluid flowcontrol system to change fluid pressure in the first fluid-filledbladder.

Clause 281. A filtered fluid flow connector for an article of footwear,comprising:

-   -   a housing;    -   an incoming fluid inlet extending through the housing;    -   an incoming fluid outlet extending through the housing;    -   a filter for filtering incoming fluid before the incoming fluid        reaches the incoming fluid outlet;    -   a pumped fluid inlet extending through the housing, a pumped        fluid outlet extending through the housing, and a pumped fluid        line within the housing and connecting the pumped fluid inlet        and the pumped fluid outlet; and    -   a first foot support bladder port extending through the housing,        a second foot support bladder port extending through the        housing, and a foot support fluid line within the housing and        connecting the first foot support bladder port and the second        foot support bladder port.

Clause 282. The filtered fluid flow connector according to Clause 281,further comprising a first fluid container port extending through thehousing, a second fluid container port extending through the housing,and a fluid container fluid line within the housing and connecting thefirst fluid container port and the second fluid container port.

Clause 283. The filtered fluid flow connector according to Clause 281 or282, further comprising a fluid release port extending through thehousing.

Clause 284. The filtered fluid flow connector according to any one ofClauses 281 to 283, wherein the filter includes a surface having an areaof at least 50 mm² positioned to form or cover at least a portion of anexterior surface of the housing and to cover the incoming fluid inlet.

Clause 285. An article of footwear, comprising: an upper; a solestructure engaged with the upper, wherein the sole structure includes afirst fluid-filled bladder in fluid communication with the first footsupport bladder port; and a filtered fluid flow connector according toany one of Clauses 281 to 284, wherein the housing is engaged with atleast one of the upper and/or the sole structure.

Clause 286. A fluid flow connector system for an article of footwear,comprising:

-   -   a manifold having a first port;    -   a connector having: (i) a first port in fluid communication with        the first port of the manifold, (ii) a second port, and (iii) a        first internal connector fluid line connecting the first port of        the connector and the second port of the connector; and    -   a first fluid line in fluid communication with the second port        of the connector and in fluid communication with the first port        of the manifold through the first internal connector fluid line.

Clause 287. The fluid flow connector system according to Clause 286,wherein the manifold has a second port, the connector has: (i) a thirdport in fluid communication with the second port of the manifold, (ii) afourth port, and (iii) a second internal connector fluid line connectingthe third port of the connector and the fourth port of the connector,and wherein the fluid flow connector system further comprises:

-   -   a second fluid line in fluid communication with the fourth port        of the connector and in fluid communication with the second port        of the manifold through the second internal connector fluid        line.

Clause 288. The fluid flow connector system according to Clause 287,wherein the manifold has a third port, the connector has: (i) a fifthport in fluid communication with the third port of the manifold, (ii) asixth port, and (iii) a third internal connector fluid line connectingthe fifth port of the connector and the sixth port of the connector; andwherein the fluid flow connector system further comprises:

-   -   a third fluid line in fluid communication with the sixth port of        the connector and in fluid communication with the third port of        the manifold through the third internal connector fluid line.

Clause 289. The fluid flow connector system according to Clause 288,wherein the manifold has a fourth port and the connector has a seventhport in fluid communication with the fourth port of the manifold.

Clause 290. The fluid flow connector system according to any one ofClauses 286 to 289, further comprising: a sealing connector havingindividual chambers for engaging each port of the manifold with acorresponding port of the connector in a sealed manner.

Clause 291. The fluid flow connector system according to any one ofClauses 286 to 290, wherein at least one internal connector fluid linedefines a bent or curved path.

Clause 292. The fluid flow connector system according to any one ofClauses 286 to 291, wherein at least one internal connector fluid linedefines: (a) a first axial direction, (b) a second axial direction, and(c) a connecting portion joining the first axial direction and thesecond axial direction, and wherein the first axial direction and thesecond axial direction extend away from one another from the connectingportion at an angle of 70 degrees or less.

Clause 293. A fluid flow connector system for an article of footwear,comprising:

-   -   a manifold having a first port, a second port, and a first        internal manifold fluid line connecting the first port and the        second port;    -   a fluid transfer system in fluid communication with the first        port of the manifold; and    -   a first external fluid line in fluid communication with the        second port of the manifold.

Clause 294. The fluid flow connector system according to Clause 293,wherein the manifold has a third port, a fourth port, and a secondinternal manifold fluid line connecting the third port and the fourthport, wherein the third port is in fluid communication with the fluidtransfer system, and wherein the fluid flow connector system furtherincludes:

-   -   a second external fluid line in fluid communication with the        fourth port of the manifold.

Clause 295. The fluid flow connector system according to Clause 294,wherein the manifold has a fifth port, a sixth port, and a thirdinternal manifold fluid line connecting the fifth port and the sixthport, wherein the fifth port is in fluid communication with the fluidtransfer system, and wherein the fluid flow connector system furtherincludes:

-   -   a third external fluid line in fluid communication with the        sixth port of the manifold.

Clause 296. The fluid flow connector system according to Clause 295,wherein the manifold has a seventh port in fluid communication with afourth external fluid line.

Clause 297. The fluid flow connector system according to Clause 295,wherein the manifold has a seventh port in fluid communication with thefluid transfer system.

Clause 298. An article of footwear, comprising: an upper; a solestructure engaged with the upper; and a fluid flow connector systemaccording to any one of Clauses 286 to 297 engaged with at least one ofthe upper and/or the sole structure.

Clause 299. A method of making a sole structure for an article offootwear, comprising:

-   -   engaging a first fluid line that extends from a first sole        component with a first port of a connector, wherein the first        port of the connector is in fluid communication with a second        port of the connector by a first internal connector fluid line        that extends through the connector;    -   engaging the second port of the connector with a first manifold        port of a fluid distributor;    -   engaging the fluid distributor and the connector as a single        connected component with at least one of the first sole        component or a different sole component.

Clause 300. The method of Clause 299, further comprising:

-   -   engaging a second fluid line that extends from a second sole        component with a third port of the connector, wherein the third        port of the connector is in fluid communication with a fourth        port of the connector by a second internal connector fluid line        that extends through the connector; and    -   engaging the fourth port of the connector with a second manifold        port of the fluid distributor,    -   and wherein the single connected component engaged with at least        one of the first sole component or the different sole component        includes the second fluid line engaged with the third port of        the connector.

Clause 301. The method of Clause 300, further comprising:

-   -   engaging a third fluid line that extends from a third sole        component with a fifth port of the connector, wherein the fifth        port of the connector is in fluid communication with a sixth        port of the connector by a third internal connector fluid line        that extends through the connector; and    -   engaging the sixth port of the connector with a third manifold        port of the fluid distributor,    -   and wherein the single connected component engaged with at least        one of the first sole component or the different sole component        includes the third fluid line engaged with the fifth port of the        connector.

Clause 302. A method of making a sole structure for an article offootwear, comprising:

-   -   engaging a first fluid line that extends from a first sole        component with a first port of a manifold of a fluid        distributor, wherein the first port of the manifold is in fluid        communication with a second port of the manifold by a first        internal manifold fluid line that extends through the manifold;        and    -   engaging at least one of the first sole component or a different        sole component with the fluid distributor having the first fluid        line engaged with the first port of the manifold.

Clause 303. The method of Clause 302, further comprising: engaging asecond fluid line that extends from a second sole component with a thirdport of the manifold, wherein the third port of the manifold is in fluidcommunication with a fourth port of the manifold by a second internalmanifold fluid line that extends through the manifold, wherein thesecond fluid line is engaged with the third port of the manifold whenthe step of engaging the at least one of the first sole component or thedifferent sole component with the fluid distributor occurs.

Clause 304. The method of Clause 303, further comprising: engaging athird fluid line that extends from a third sole component with a fifthport of the manifold, wherein the fifth port of the manifold is in fluidcommunication with a sixth port of the manifold by a third internalmanifold fluid line that extends through the manifold, wherein the thirdfluid line is engaged with the fifth port of the manifold when the stepof engaging the at least one of the first sole component or thedifferent sole component with the fluid distributor occurs.

Clause 305. A sole structure made by the method of any one of Clause 299to 304.

Clause 306. An article of footwear comprising: an upper; and a solestructure according to Clause 305 engaged with the upper.

Clause 307. A fluid transfer system for an article of footwear,comprising:

-   -   a valve housing defining an interior chamber;    -   a valve stem extending at least partially through the interior        chamber, the valve stem having: (i) a first end operatively        coupled with a motor to move the valve stem with respect to the        valve housing, (ii) a second end opposite the first end,        and (iii) a perimeter wall extending from the first end to the        second end; and    -   a position sensor for determining a position of the valve stem        with respect to the valve housing or other component of the        fluid transfer system, the position sensor including: (i) an        encoder magnet movable with the valve stem, and (ii) an encoder        sensor sensing changes in a magnetic field generated by the        encoder magnet due to the position of the valve stem.

Clause 308. The fluid transfer system according to Clause 307, whereinthe encoder magnet is engaged with the valve stem.

Clause 309. The fluid transfer system according to Clause 307 or 308,wherein the encoder sensor is engaged with the valve housing.

Clause 310. The fluid transfer system according to Clause 309, whereinthe encoder sensor is engaged with the valve housing at a locationcloser to the second end of the valve stem than to the first end of thevalve stem.

Clause 311. The fluid transfer system according to any one of Clauses307 to 310, wherein the perimeter wall of the valve stem partiallyencloses an interior channel within the valve stem.

Clause 312. The fluid transfer system according to Clause 311, whereinthe perimeter wall of the valve stem further includes a plurality ofthrough holes extending from the interior channel to an outer surface ofthe valve stem.

Clause 313. The fluid transfer system according to Clause 312, wherein afluid inlet to the interior channel of the valve stem is provided at thesecond end of the valve stem and the plurality of through holes formports through which fluid moves into or out of the interior channel.

Clause 314. An article of footwear, comprising: an upper; a solestructure engaged with the upper and including a first fluid-filledbladder for supporting at least a portion of a plantar surface of awearer's foot; and a fluid transfer system according to any one ofClauses 307 to 313 engaged with at least one of the upper and/or thesole structure.

Clause 315. A sole structure for an article of footwear, comprising: (a)a first fluid-filled bladder for supporting at least a portion of aplantar surface of a wearer's foot, (b) a fluid source for supplyingfluid to the first fluid-filled bladder, and (c) a fluid transfer systemaccording to any one of Clauses 307 to 313 providing fluid for the firstfluid-filled bladder.

Clause 316. A transmission for a fluid transfer system in an article offootwear, comprising:

-   -   a motor pinion;    -   a first intermediate gear cluster including: (i) a first axial        pin, (ii) a first gear having a first central axis coaxial with        the first axial pin and engaging the motor pinion, the first        gear having a first diameter, and (iii) a second gear having a        second central axis coaxial with the first axial pin, the second        gear having a second diameter different from the first diameter;    -   a second intermediate gear cluster including: (i) a second axial        pin, (ii) a third gear having a third central axis coaxial with        the second axial pin and engaging the second gear, the third        gear having a third diameter, and (iii) a fourth gear having a        fourth central axis coaxial with the second axial pin, the        fourth gear having a fourth diameter different from the third        diameter;    -   a third axial pin; and    -   a fifth gear having a third central axis coaxial with the third        axial pin and engaging the fourth gear, wherein the third        central axis of the fifth gear is coaxial with a rotational axis        of an output of the transmission.

Clause 317. A drive system for a fluid transfer system in an article offootwear, comprising:

-   -   a motor including a drive shaft;    -   a valve stem; and    -   a three stage transmission operative coupled between the drive        shaft and valve stem to rotate the valve stem in response to        rotation of the drive shaft.

Clause 318. The drive system according to Clause 317, wherein the threestage transmission includes a transmission according to Clause 316.

Clause 319. An article of footwear, comprising: an upper; a solestructure engaged with the upper and including a first fluid-filledbladder for supporting at least a portion of a plantar surface of awearer's foot; and a fluid transfer system for supplying fluid to thefirst fluid-filled bladder, wherein the fluid transfer system includes atransmission according to Clause 316 and/or a drive system according toany one of Clauses 317 or 318.

Clause 320. A method of changing fluid pressure in a component of anarticle of footwear, comprising:

-   -   receiving input data indicating a target pressure for fluid        pressure in a first footwear component, wherein the first        footwear component is a foot support bladder or a fluid        container;    -   moving fluid through a continuous fluid line that extends        between a first port of a manifold or a sealing connector and a        second port of the manifold or sealing connector, wherein the        first port is in fluid communication with the first footwear        component, and wherein the second port is in fluid communication        with a second footwear component or an external environment;    -   measuring fluid pressure in the continuous fluid line as fluid        moves through the continuous fluid line using a first pressure        sensor;    -   determining an adjusted fluid pressure based on the fluid        pressure measured by the first pressure sensor during the        measuring step; and    -   stopping fluid flow through the continuous fluid line when the        adjusted fluid pressure determined in the determining step is        within a predetermined range of the target pressure.

Clause 321. The method according to Clause 320, wherein the firstfootwear component is the foot support bladder and the second port is influid communication with the external environment.

Clause 322. The method according to Clause 320, wherein the firstfootwear component is the foot support bladder and the second port is influid communication with the second footwear component.

Clause 323. The method according to Clause 322, wherein the secondfootwear component is a fluid container.

Clause 324. The method according to Clause 320, wherein the firstfootwear component is the fluid container and the second port is influid communication with the external environment.

Clause 325. The method according to Clause 320, wherein the firstfootwear component is the fluid container and the second port is influid communication with the second footwear component.

Clause 326. The method according to Clause 325, wherein the secondfootwear component is a foot support bladder.

Clause 327. The method according to any one of Clauses 320 to 326,wherein the adjusted fluid pressure estimates fluid pressure in thefirst footwear component.

Clause 328. The method according to any one of Clauses 320 to 327,wherein the adjusted fluid pressure corrects for flow rate dependentoffset between the fluid pressure measured by the first pressure sensorduring the measuring step and actual fluid pressure in the firstfootwear component.

Clause 329. A footwear system, comprising:

-   -   a first shoe having a first footwear component with pressure        adjustment capability, a first microprocessor, and a first        antenna in electronic communication with the first        microprocessor;    -   a second shoe having a second footwear component with pressure        adjustment capability, a second microprocessor, and a second        antenna in electronic communication with the second        microprocessor; and    -   a central communication source for transmitting data to at least        one of the first antenna or the second antenna in response to        input data directing a pressure change in at least one of the        first footwear component or the second footwear component.

Clause 330. The footwear system according to Clause 329, wherein thecentral communication source is located in the first shoe, and the firstshoe transmits data from the first antenna to the second antenna whenthe input data directs a pressure change in the second footwearcomponent.

Clause 331. The footwear system according to Clause 329, wherein: (a)during a first time period, the central communication source is locatedin the first shoe and the first shoe transmits data from the firstantenna to the second antenna when the input data directs a pressurechange in the second footwear component, and (b) during a second timeperiod, the central communication source is located in the second shoeand the second shoe transmits data from the second antenna to the firstantenna when the input data directs a pressure change in the firstfootwear component.

Clause 332. The footwear system according to Clause 329, wherein thecentral communication source constitutes an external computing devicenot physically incorporated in either of the first shoe or the secondshoe, and wherein the external computing device: (a) transmits data tothe first antenna when the input data directs a pressure change in thefirst footwear component, and/or (b) transmits data to the secondantenna when the input data directs a pressure change in the secondfootwear component.

Clause 333. The footwear system according to Clause 329, wherein thecentral communication source constitutes an external computing devicenot physically incorporated in either of the first shoe or the secondshoe, wherein the external computing device transmits data to the firstantenna when the input data directs a pressure change in the firstfootwear component or the second footwear component, and wherein thefirst antenna transmits data to the second antenna when the input datadirects a pressure change in the second footwear component.

Clause 334. The footwear system according to Clause 329, whereincommunication of the input data directing the pressure change isswitchable between at least three communication configurations asfollows: (a) a first communication configuration when an externalcomputing device is in electronic communication with at least one of thefirst shoe or the second shoe, wherein the external computing deviceacts as the central communication source and each of the first shoe andthe second shoe act as peripheral communication devices receivingpressure change input from the external computing device, (b) a secondcommunication configuration when no external computing device is inelectronic communication with the first shoe or the second shoe, whereinthe first shoe acts as the central communication source and the secondshoe acts as a peripheral communication device receiving pressure changeinput from the first shoe, and (c) a third communication configurationwhen no external computing device is in electronic communication withthe first shoe or the second shoe, wherein the second shoe acts as thecentral communication source and the first shoe acts as a peripheralcommunication device receiving pressure change input from the secondshoe.

Clause 335. The footwear system according to any one of Clauses 329 to334, wherein the central communication device is further in electroniccommunication with at least one additional electronically adjustablecomponent.

Clause 336. The footwear system according to Clause 335, wherein theadditional electronically adjustable component includes at least one of:an apparel based adjustable component on an article of apparel separatefrom the first shoe and the second shoe, a motorized apparel component,a motorized lacing system for tightening or loosening lacing systems onat least one of the first shoe or the second shoe, a motorized shoesecuring system for at least one of the first shoe or the second shoe, amotorized fluid containing sports bra, and a motorized fluid containingcompression sleeve.

Clause 337. A sealed connection, comprising:

-   -   a rotatable valve stem having a peripheral wall including a        first fluid port extending through it;    -   a manifold including a first manifold port; and    -   a sealing connector including: (a) a first connector port in        direct contact with the peripheral wall, (b) a second connector        port connected to the first manifold port, and (c) a first        connector fluid path extending between the first connector port        and the second connector port, wherein rotation of the rotatable        valve stem to a first position at least partially aligns the        first fluid port of the rotatable valve stem with the first        connector port to place the first fluid port of the rotatable        valve stem in fluid communication with the first manifold port        through the first connector fluid path.

Clause 338. The sealed connection according to Clause 337, wherein theperipheral wall of the rotatable valve stem further includes a secondfluid port extending through it, the manifold further includes a secondmanifold port, and the sealing connector further includes: (a) a thirdconnector port in direct contact with the peripheral wall, (b) a fourthconnector port connected to the second manifold port, and (c) a secondconnector fluid path extending between the third connector port and thefourth connector port, wherein rotation of the rotatable valve stem to asecond position at least partially aligns the second fluid port of therotatable valve stem with the third connector port to place the secondfluid port of the rotatable valve stem in fluid communication with thesecond manifold port through the second connector fluid path.

Clause 339. The sealed connection according to Clause 338, wherein theperipheral wall of the rotatable valve stem further includes a thirdfluid port extending through it, the manifold further includes a thirdmanifold port, and the sealing connector further includes: (a) a fifthconnector port in direct contact with the peripheral wall, (b) a sixthconnector port connected to the third manifold port, and (c) a thirdconnector fluid path extending between the fifth connector port and thesixth connector port, wherein rotation of the rotatable valve stem to athird position at least partially aligns the third fluid port of therotatable valve stem with the fifth connector port to place the thirdfluid port of the rotatable valve stem in fluid communication with thethird manifold port through the third connector fluid path.

Clause 340. The sealed connection according to Clause 339, wherein theperipheral wall of the rotatable valve stem further includes a fourthfluid port extending through it, the manifold further includes a fourthmanifold port, and the sealing connector further includes: (a) a seventhconnector port in direct contact with the peripheral wall, (b) an eighthconnector port connected to the fourth manifold port, and (c) a fourthconnector fluid path extending between the seventh connector port andthe eighth connector port, wherein rotation of the rotatable valve stemto a fourth position at least partially aligns the fourth fluid port ofthe rotatable valve stem with the seventh connector port to place thefourth fluid port of the rotatable valve stem in fluid communicationwith the fourth manifold port through the fourth connector fluid path.

Clause 341. The sealed connection according to Clause 337, wherein theperipheral wall of the rotatable valve stem further includes a secondfluid port extending through it, the manifold further includes a secondmanifold port, and the sealing connector further includes: (a) a thirdconnector port in direct contact with the peripheral wall, (b) a fourthconnector port connected to the second manifold port, and (c) a secondconnector fluid path extending between the third connector port and thefourth connector port, wherein rotation of the rotatable valve stem tothe first position at least partially aligns the second fluid port ofthe rotatable valve stem with the third connector port to place thesecond fluid port of the rotatable valve stem in fluid communicationwith the second manifold port through the second connector fluid path.

Clause 342. The sealed connection according to any one of Clauses 337 to341, wherein any one or more of the connector ports in direct contactwith the peripheral wall includes a curved outer surface shaped tocorrespond to a curvature of an outer surface of the peripheral walland/or to seal that port with the peripheral wall.

Clause 343. An article of footwear, comprising: an upper; a solestructure engaged with the upper and including a first fluid-filledbladder for supporting at least a portion of a plantar surface of awearer's foot; and a fluid transfer system engaged with at least one ofthe upper and/or the sole structure, wherein the fluid transfer systemincludes a sealed connection according to any one of Clauses 337 to 342.

Clause 344. A fluid flow control system for an article of footwear,comprising:

-   -   a fluid distributor;    -   a manifold including: (i) a manifold body, (ii) a first manifold        fluid path defined through the manifold body and extending from        a first manifold port that is in fluid communication with the        fluid distributor to a second manifold port that is in fluid        communication with a first footwear component, (iii) a first        pressure sensor mount defined in the manifold body or extending        from the manifold body, and (iv) an first open channel extending        between the first pressure sensor mount and the first manifold        fluid path; and    -   a first pressure sensor mounted at the first pressure sensor        mount in a fluid tight manner.

Clause 345. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 344,wherein the manifold further includes: (i) a second manifold fluid pathdefined through the manifold body and extending from a third manifoldport that is in fluid communication with the fluid distributor to afourth manifold port that is in fluid communication with a secondfootwear component, (ii) a second pressure sensor mount defined in themanifold body or extending from the manifold body, and (iii) a secondopen channel extending between the second pressure sensor mount and thesecond manifold fluid path, and wherein the fluid flow control systemfurther comprises:

-   -   a second pressure sensor mounted at the second pressure sensor        mount in a fluid tight manner.

Clause 346. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 345,wherein the second pressure sensor mount includes a recess for receivingthe second pressure sensor that extends into the manifold body in adirection substantially perpendicular to a fluid flow direction throughthe second manifold fluid path at the second open channel's location.

Clause 347. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 344 to 346, wherein the first pressure sensor mount includes arecess for receiving the first pressure sensor that extends into themanifold body in a direction substantially perpendicular to a fluid flowdirection through the first manifold fluid path at the first openchannel's location.

Clause 348. A fluid flow control system for an article of footwear,comprising:

-   -   a fluid distributor;    -   a manifold including a first manifold port;    -   a sealing connector including: (i) a connector body, (ii) a        first connector fluid path defined through the connector body        and extending from a first connector port that is in fluid        communication with the fluid distributor to a second connector        port that is in fluid communication with the first manifold        port, (iii) a first pressure sensor mount defined in the        connector body or extending from the connector body, and (iv) an        first open channel extending between the first pressure sensor        mount and the first connector fluid path; and    -   a first pressure sensor mounted at the first pressure sensor        mount in a fluid tight manner.

Clause 349. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 348,wherein the manifold includes a second manifold port, wherein thesealing connector further includes: (i) a second connector fluid pathdefined through the connector body and extending from a third connectorport that is in fluid communication with the fluid distributor to afourth connector port that is in fluid communication with the secondmanifold port, (ii) a second pressure sensor mount defined in theconnector body or extending from the connector body, and (iii) a secondopen channel extending between the second pressure sensor mount and thesecond connector fluid path, and wherein the fluid flow control systemfurther comprises:

-   -   a second pressure sensor mounted at the second pressure sensor        mount in a fluid tight manner.

Clause 350. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 349,wherein the second pressure sensor mount includes a raised tubeextending away from a base portion of the connector body.

Clause 351. The fluid flow control system according to Clause 349,wherein the second pressure sensor mount includes a recess that extendsinto the connector body.

Clause 352. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 348 to 351, wherein the first pressure sensor mount includes araised tube extending away from a base portion of the connector body.

Clause 353. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 348 to 351, wherein the first pressure sensor mount includes arecess that extends into the connector body.

Clause 354. The fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 348 to 353, wherein at least one individual connector fluid pathdefined through the connector body is formed by a first connector bodycomponent forming a first portion of said individual fluid path and asecond connector body component forming a second portion of saidindividual fluid path.

Clause 355. An article of footwear, comprising: an upper; a solestructure engaged with the upper and including a first fluid-filledbladder for supporting at least a portion of a plantar surface of awearer's foot; and a fluid flow control system according to any one ofClauses 344 to 354 engaged with at least one of the upper and/or thesole structure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A transmission for a fluid transfer system in anarticle of footwear, comprising: a motor pinion; a first intermediategear cluster including: (i) a first axial pin, (ii) a first gear havinga first central axis coaxial with the first axial pin and engaging themotor pinion, the first gear having a first diameter, and (iii) a secondgear having a second central axis coaxial with the first axial pin, thesecond gear having a second diameter different from the first diameter;a second intermediate gear cluster including: (i) a second axial pin,(ii) a third gear having a third central axis coaxial with the secondaxial pin and engaging the second gear, the third gear having a thirddiameter, and (iii) a fourth gear having a fourth central axis coaxialwith the second axial pin, the fourth gear having a fourth diameterdifferent from the third diameter; a third axial pin; and a fifth gearhaving a third central axis coaxial with the third axial pin andengaging the fourth gear, wherein the third central axis of the fifthgear is coaxial with a rotational axis of an output of the transmission.2. The transmission according to claim 1, wherein the second centralaxis is parallel to, spaced apart from, and non-coaxial with therotational axis of the output of the transmission.
 3. The transmissionaccording to claim 1, wherein the second diameter is less than the thirddiameter.
 4. The transmission according to claim 1, wherein the fourthdiameter is less than a fifth diameter of the fifth gear.
 5. Thetransmission according to claim 1, further comprising a frame, whereineach of the motor pinion, the first axial pin, the second axial pin, andthe third axial pin engages the frame.
 6. The transmission according toclaim 1, further comprising a frame, wherein each of the firstintermediate gear cluster, the second intermediate gear cluster, and thefifth gear are rotatably mounted on the frame.
 7. A drive system for afluid transfer system in an article of footwear, comprising: a motorincluding a drive shaft; a valve stem; and a transmission operativecoupled between the drive shaft and valve stem to rotate the valve stemin response to rotation of the drive shaft, wherein the transmissionincludes: (a) a motor pinion; (b) a first intermediate gear clusterincluding: (i) a first axial pin, (ii) a first gear having a firstcentral axis coaxial with the first axial pin and engaging the motorpinion, the first gear having a first diameter, and (iii) a second gearhaving a second central axis coaxial with the first axial pin, thesecond gear having a second diameter different from the first diameter;(c) a second intermediate gear cluster including: (i) a second axialpin, (ii) a third gear having a third central axis coaxial with thesecond axial pin and engaging the second gear, the third gear having athird diameter, and (iii) a fourth gear having a fourth central axiscoaxial with the second axial pin, the fourth gear having a fourthdiameter different from the third diameter; (d) a third axial pin; and(e) a fifth gear having a third central axis coaxial with the thirdaxial pin and engaging the fourth gear, wherein the third central axisof the fifth gear is coaxial with a rotational axis of an output of thetransmission.
 8. The drive system according to claim 7, furthercomprising: a housing, wherein the motor, the valve stem, and thetransmission are mounted in the housing.
 9. The drive system accordingto claim 7, further comprising: a battery supplying power to rotate thevalve stem.
 10. The drive system according to claim 7, wherein the valvestem includes a geared end of the valve stem.
 11. A foot support systemfor an article of footwear, comprising: a foot support bladder; a fluiddistributor that includes a valve stem, the fluid distributor acceptingincoming fluid from a fluid source and selectively distributing theincoming fluid to one of a plurality of locations in the foot supportsystem based on a rotational position of the valve stem; and a drivesystem for moving the valve stem to a plurality of different rotationalpositions, wherein the drive system includes: (a) a motor having a motorpinion; (b) a first intermediate gear cluster including: (i) a firstaxial pin, (ii) a first gear having a first central axis coaxial withthe first axial pin and engaging the motor pinion, the first gear havinga first diameter, and (iii) a second gear having a second central axiscoaxial with the first axial pin, the second gear having a seconddiameter different from the first diameter; (c) a second intermediategear cluster including: (i) a second axial pin, (ii) a third gear havinga third central axis coaxial with the second axial pin and engaging thesecond gear, the third gear having a third diameter, and (iii) a fourthgear having a fourth central axis coaxial with the second axial pin, thefourth gear having a fourth diameter different from the third diameter;(d) a third axial pin; and (e) a fifth gear having a third central axiscoaxial with the third axial pin and engaging the fourth gear, whereinthe third central axis of the fifth gear is coaxial with a rotationalaxis of an output of the drive system.
 12. The foot support systemaccording to claim 11, further comprising: an input system for receivinguser input indicating a fluid pressure change for fluid in the footsupport bladder.
 13. The foot support system according to claim 12,wherein the motor of the drive system rotates the valve stem in responseto user input received through the input system.
 14. The foot supportsystem according to claim 13, further comprising: a midsole component,wherein the foot support bladder engages the midsole component.
 15. Thefoot support system according to claim 14, wherein the input system isengaged with the midsole component.
 16. The foot support systemaccording to claim 13, further comprising: a sole component, wherein theinput system is engaged with the sole component.
 17. The foot supportsystem according to claim 12, further comprising: a sole component,wherein the input system is engaged with the sole component.
 18. Thefoot support system according to claim 17, wherein the input system isengaged with the sole component within a recess defined on an outersurface of the sole component.
 19. An article of footwear, comprising:an upper; and a foot support system according to claim 11 engaged withthe upper.
 20. The article of footwear according to claim 19, whereinthe fluid source includes a foot activated pump.